Purpose of Review

The aim of this review is to focus on epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, management, and complications of UTI in people with diabetes as well as reviewing the association of SGLT-2 inhibitors with genitourinary infections.

Recent Findings

Individuals diagnosed with T2DM are more prone to experiencing UTIs and recurrent UTIs compared to individuals without T2DM. T2DM is associated with an increased risk of any genitourinary infections (GUI), urinary tract infections (UTIs), and genital infections (GIs) across all age categories. SGLT2 inhibitors are a relatively new class of anti-hyperglycemic agents, and studies suggest that they are associated with an increased risk of genitourinary infections. The management of diabetes and lifestyle modifications with a patient-centric approach are the most recognized methods for preventing critical long-term complications including genitourinary manifestations of diabetes.

Summary

The available data regarding the association of SGLT-2 inhibitors with genitourinary infections is more comprehensive compared to that with UTIs. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlining the association between SGLT-2 inhibitors and genital infections and UTIs.

中文翻译：

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糖尿病、SGLT-2 抑制剂和尿路感染：综述

审查目的

本综述的目的是重点关注糖尿病患者尿路感染的流行病学、发病机制、危险因素、治疗和并发症，并回顾 SGLT-2 抑制剂与泌尿生殖系统感染的关系。

最近的发现

与未患 T2DM 的个体相比，诊断为 T2DM 的个体更容易出现尿路感染和复发性尿路感染。T2DM 与所有年龄段的泌尿生殖感染 (GUI)、尿路感染 (UTI) 和生殖器感染 (GI) 的风险增加相关。SGLT2 抑制剂是一类相对较新的抗高血糖药物，研究表明它们与泌尿生殖系统感染风险增加有关。采用以患者为中心的方法来管理糖尿病和改变生活方式是预防包括糖尿病泌尿生殖系统表现在内的严重长期并发症的最受认可的方法。

概括

与泌尿道感染相比，有关 SGLT-2 抑制剂与泌尿生殖系统感染关联的现有数据更为全面。需要进一步的研究来更好地了解 SGLT-2 抑制剂与生殖器感染和尿路感染之间关联的机制。