Purpose of Review

This review intends to recapitulate the pretreatment measures of kitchen waste and kitchen wastewater (KWAKWW). Furthermore, this review also separately summarizes the ascendancy of using bacteria, microalgae and microalgae-bacteria consortia to treat KWAKWW, and corresponding emerging reinforcement strategies.

Recent Findings

Tremendous amount of KWAKWW are annually generated in the whole world. Wherein roughly 1.3 billion tons of kitchen waste (KW) are dumped and which were forecasted that would increase to about 2.5 billion tons by 2025. In addition, KWAKWW have the characteristics of high content of refractory organic matter (e.g., oil and cellulose), water (commonly outstrip 70%), and salt, which is difficult for bacteria or microalgae to treat. Consequently, it is essential to perform efficacious pretreatment measures to boost the efficiency of post-treatment. Utilizing bacteria, microalgae, and microalgae-bacteria consortia to treat KWAKWW is considered an efficient strategy due to ascendancy of puissant deep purification ability, excellent resource appreciation effect, and low operation costs. For instance, bacteria could produce leastways four kinds of products through KWAKWW; multiple studies indicated that microalgae generally could remove exceed 70% of nutrients of KWAKWW; one research manifested that microalgae-bacteria consortia retrenched 46% of the demand about dissolved oxygen (DO). Nevertheless, the above microbial treatment systems still have some inherent drawbacks such as poor impact resistance. Fortunately, metabolic engineering and other strengthen strategies can efficaciously upgrade the nutrient removal and resource utilization performance of bacteria, microalgae, and microalgae-bacteria consortia. For example, one research shown that the 1-butanol productivity of original bacteria remarkably increased by 93.48–171.74% draw support from metabolic engineering.

Summary

A total of 221 papers related to the content of this review were searched through Web of Science (http://apps.webofknowledge.com). What is more, specific data that emerged on this review were all extracted from the above-searched papers. The mechanisms and effect of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and other four pretreatment measures are introduced by this review in detail. The preponderance of utilizing bacteria, microalgae, and microalgae-bacteria consortia to treat KWAKWW are comprehensively evaluated mainly from the perspectives of nutrient purification and resource utilization. Four state-of-the-art strengthen strategies like machine learning are then introduced. Finally, the current challenges in KWAKWW treatment are summarized from five aspects, and future concrete improvement directions are also provided. Overall, this review outlines the state-of-the-art research progress of KWAKWW treatment by bacteria and microalgae and tenders corresponding implementation schemes for improving KWAKWW treatment effect.

中文翻译：

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基于微生物的餐厨垃圾和餐厨废水处理：微藻和细菌相关的最新进展和新兴研究前景

审查目的

本综述旨在概括餐厨垃圾和餐厨废水（KWAKWW）的预处理措施。此外，本文还分别总结了使用细菌、微藻和微藻-细菌联合体治疗 KWAKWW 的优势，以及相应的新兴强化策略。

最近的发现

全世界每年产生大量的 KWAKWW。其中大约有13亿吨厨余垃圾（KW）被倾倒，预计到2025年将增加到约25亿吨。此外，KWAKWW具有难降解有机物（如石油和纤维素）含量高的特点，水（通常超过 70%）和盐，细菌或微藻很难处理这些物质。因此，必须采取有效的预处理措施来提高后处理的效率。利用细菌、微藻、微藻-细菌联合体处理KWAKWW具有强大的深度净化能力、良好的资源增值效果和较低的运行成本，被认为是一种有效的策略。例如，细菌通过KWAKWW至少可以产生四种产品；多项研究表明，微藻一般可以去除KWAKWW 70%以上的营养物质；一项研究表明，微藻-细菌联盟减少了 46% 的溶解氧 (DO) 需求。然而，上述微生物处理系统仍然存在一些固有的缺陷，例如抗冲击性差。幸运的是，代谢工程和其他强化策略可以有效提升细菌、微藻和微藻-细菌联合体的养分去除和资源利用性能。例如，一项研究表明，利用代谢工程的支持，原始细菌的1-丁醇生产率显着提高了93.48%~171.74%。

概括

通过Web of Science (http://apps.webofknowledge.com)共检索到与本综述内容相关的论文221篇。更重要的是，本次综述中出现的具体数据均来自上述检索的论文。本文详细介绍了水热碳化（HTC）和其他四种预处理措施的机理和效果。主要从营养物净化和资源利用的角度综合评价了利用细菌、微藻、微藻-细菌联合体处理KWAKWW的优势。然后介绍了机器学习等四种最先进的强化策略。最后从五个方面总结了当前KWAKWW处理面临的挑战，并提出了未来具体的改进方向。总体而言，本文概述了细菌和微藻处理KWAKWW的最新研究进展，并提出了相应的提高KWAKWW处理效果的实施方案。