Production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is one of the modes of actions of Trichoderma spp. They inhibit pathogenic fungi/bacteria, promote plant growth, and also affect interactions of plants with pathogens. However, the study of VOCs emitted by Trichoderma species associated with olive roots and its benefits are still limited. In the present study, two strains of Trichoderma collected from olive grove soil were evaluated for their antagonistic activity against five strains of Verticillium dahliae named (Vd1 to Vd5) by indirect confrontation assay. In addition, identification and quantification of volatile compounds produced by each strain were assessed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The extraction of metabolites was performed from filtrates using liquid–liquid extraction. Extracts obtained were taken for analysis through GC–MS. Results of indirect confrontation assay showed a high inhibitory activity against V.dahliae. Trichoderma asperellum (T4) and Trichoderma harzianum (T12) exhibited an average inhibition rate of 64.49% and 61.59% respectively. Besides, 98 volatile compounds were detected through GC–MS analysis, including important volatile compounds with antifungal activities, such as D-limonene, octadecanoic acid methyl ester, hexadecanoic acid, toluene, phenylethyl alcohol, benzene derivatives, several phenolic isomers, citral, eicosane and 13-docosenamide. Other volatile compounds revealed antibacterial activity, providing growth promotion, or antioxidant activity, such as oleic acid. Importantly, 7-epi-nemorosone was detected for the first time as new molecule produced by Trichoderma harzianum (T12). This molecule provides anticancer and antioxidant activity. Overall, these strains with various activities are considered as excellent source for discovery of bioactive molecules with eventual application in different biological fields. However, they could be beneficial mainly for suppressing plant pathogens and stimulation of plant growth.

挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的产生是木霉菌的作用方式之一。它们抑制病原真菌/细菌，促进植物生长，还影响植物与病原体的相互作用。然而，对与橄榄根相关的木霉属物种排放的挥发性有机化合物及其益处的研究仍然有限。在本研究中，通过间接对抗试验评估了从橄榄园土壤中收集的两株木霉对五株大丽黄萎病菌（Vd1至Vd5）的拮抗活性。此外，通过气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）对每种菌株产生的挥发性化合物进行鉴定和定量。使用液-液萃取从滤液中提取代谢物。获得的提取物通过 GC-MS 进行分析。间接对抗试验结果显示对大丽弧菌具有较高的抑制活性。曲霉木霉（T4）和哈茨木霉（T12）的平均抑制率分别为64.49%和61.59%。此外，通过GC-MS分析检测出98种挥发性化合物，其中包括具有抗真菌活性的重要挥发性化合物，如D-柠檬烯、十八烷酸甲酯、十六烷酸、甲苯、苯乙醇、苯衍生物、几种酚类异构体、柠檬醛、二十烷和13-二十二碳烯酰胺。其他挥发性化合物具有抗菌活性、促进生长或抗氧化活性，例如油酸。重要的是，7-表-纳莫罗松作为哈茨木霉（T12）产生的新分子首次被检测到。该分子具有抗癌和抗氧化活性。总的来说，这些具有各种活性的菌株被认为是发现生物活性分子的极好来源，并最终应用于不同的生物领域。然而，它们可能主要有益于抑制植物病原体和刺激植物生长。