The social and institutional trust between two groups of dairy producers in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil was evaluated. The entity used in this comparison was the Rural Producers Association (RPA), in which two groups were formed: a) RPA members (AG); and b) RPA non-members (NAG). The questionnaire developed used model questions from the World Values Survey. Among a total of 38 producer-members of the RPA, 22 (58%) responded to the questionnaire. For the non-member producers, 44 were identified, while 39 (89%) responded to the questionnaire. To assess social trust, the following question was asked: "Generally speaking, would you say that people can be trusted or that we need to be very careful when dealing with people?". In AG, 81.8% of the producers responded that we need to be very careful when dealing with other people, and among the NAG producers, 87.2% also agreed with such a statement. Despite the lack of social trust in AG, 77.1% of the members fully or partially trust their association. To assess levels of trust in national institutions by producers, a question was asked as follows: "To what extent do you trust the institutions listed below?". For more than 50% of the NAG group, none of the institutions presented deserved full trust, reinforcing the lack of trust, as indicated in the previous question. For those in the NAG group that chose the option "I trust completely", the institutions opted were as follows: religious (46.2%), research institutions (43.6%), public universities (38.5%), and rural extension services (33.3%); while those opted as “I do not trust" were represented by political parties (82.1%), the municipal government (64.1%), and the national congress (61.5%). In the AG group, the institutions with the greatest levels of trust were the rural extension services (54.5%) and the RPA (54.5%), religious institutions (40.9%), public universities (40.9%), and research institutes 36.4%. Moreover, the institutions least trusted were political parties (63.6%), national congress (63.6%), municipal government (36.4%), and land organizations (36.4%). None of the producer groups were officially affiliated with political parties. An open-ended question was asked as follows: "What do you think about the current situation of the association, cooperative, or dairy in which you participate or commercialize milk with?" In the AG, 81.75% see RPA positively, and 18.25% believe that the association was in a bad situation and could even end. In the NAG, 59% of the producers commercialize milk in some type of organization (other than the RPA); in which among these, 43.47% have a negative image of such an organization in general. It is suggestive that regardless of the RPA participation, producers interviewed lack social trust. Future analysis is warranted to involve a multi-location and a broader population sampling.

中文翻译：

---

41 社会和机构信任：巴西东南部非关联生产者和关联生产者之间的比较

对巴西圣保罗州两组乳制品生产商之间的社会和机构信任进行了评估。本次比较中使用的实体是农村生产者协会 (RPA)，其中形成了两个群体： a) RPA 成员 (AG)；b) RPA 非成员 (NAG)。该调查问卷使用了世界价值观调查中的模型问题。在 RPA 的 38 名生产者成员中，有 22 名（58%）回答了调查问卷。对于非会员生产者，确定了 44 家，39 家（89%）回答了调查问卷。为了评估社会信任，提出了以下问题：“一般来说，你认为人们是可以信任的，还是我们在与人打交道时需要非常小心？”。在AG中，有81.8%的制作人回应说，我们在与他人打交道时需要非常小心，而在NAG制作人中，87.2%的人也同意这样的说法。尽管AG缺乏社会信任，但77.1%的成员完全或部分信任其协会。为了评估生产者对国家机构的信任程度，提出了如下问题：“您对下列机构的信任程度如何？”。对于超过 50% 的 NAG 群体来说，所提交的机构中没有一个值得完全信任，这加剧了信任的缺乏，如上一个问题所示。对于选择“完全信任”选项的 NAG 群体，选择的机构如下：宗教（46.2%）、研究机构（43.6%）、公立大学（38.5%）和农村推广服务（33.3%） ）；而选择“不信任”的则有政党（82.1%）、市政府（64.1%）、国会（61.5%）。AG组中信任度最高的机构分别是农村推广服务（54.5%）和 RPA（54.5%）、宗教机构（40.9%）、公立大学（40.9%）和研究机构 36.4%。此外，最不信任的机构是政党（63.6%） 、全国代表大会（63.6%）、市政府（36.4%）和土地组织（36.4%）。没有一个生产者团体正式隶属于政党。提出一个开放式问题如下：“您认为怎么样？”关于您参与或销售牛奶的协会、合作社或乳制品公司的现状如何？” 在 AG 中，81.75% 的人对 RPA 持积极态度，18.25% 的人认为协会状况不佳，甚至可能结束。 NAG，59% 的生产商通过某种类型的组织（RPA 除外）将牛奶商业化；其中，43.47%的人对该组织总体抱有负面印象。这表明，无论 RPA 参与如何，受访生产者都缺乏社会信任。未来的分析有必要涉及多地点和更广泛的人口抽样。