A series of centrifuge model tests of buried explosions in dry sand were designed and performed to investigate the blast effects in diverse underground explosion (UE) scenarios. The typical ground deformation pattern and blast wave propagation in different types of UE events were modelled. The excavated cratering was observed in shallow-buried excavation explosion tests. Surface collapse and subsidence craters were formed in the partially contained explosion tests, in which the initial ground motion direction turned from upward to downward with the increase of burial depth. The scaling law for centrifuge modelling of blast wave propagation was derived and examined. The critical burial depth for complete coupling of ground shock energy is within the range of 0.4 m/kg and 0.8 m/kg, and the gravity effect on blast wave propagation can be disregarded under centrifugal accelerations of 62 and 106 ( is the Earth's gravity). The elastic blast wave velocity in dry sand was determined in the model test, and it increased with the burial depth. The attenuation laws for peak pressure and peak scaled acceleration in dry sand were calibrated, and the scaling coefficient for peak pressure estimation increased with the medium's acoustic impedance, while the attenuation coefficient showed a contrasting trend.

中文翻译：

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埋藏爆炸下干砂中的地面变形和爆炸波传播：离心机建模研究

设计并进行了一系列干砂中掩埋爆炸的离心模型试验，以研究不同地下爆炸（UE）场景中的爆炸效应。对不同类型的 UE 事件中典型的地面变形模式和爆炸波传播进行了建模。在浅埋挖掘爆炸试验中观察到了挖掘出的弹坑。部分封闭爆炸试验中形成了地表塌陷和沉陷坑，初始地震动方向随着埋深的增加由向上变为向下。导出并检验了爆炸波传播的离心机建模的比例定律。地面冲击能量完全耦合的临界埋深在0.4 m/kg～0.8 m/kg范围内，在离心加速度62和106（地球重力）下可忽略重力对爆炸波传播的影响。 。模型试验确定了干砂中的弹性爆炸波速，其随埋深的增加而增大。标定了干砂中峰值压力和峰值标度加速度的衰减规律，峰值压力估计的标度系数随着介质声阻抗的增加而增大，而衰减系数则呈现出相反的趋势。