Cycling helmets play a crucial role in protecting against head injuries, however, their effectiveness in mitigating all types of head injury is limited, particularly traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). This limitation is primarily attributed to the current cycling helmet standards, which inadequately represent real-world impact scenarios. Specifically, they overlook the rotational kinematics resulting from direct oblique impacts and fail to consider the inertial loading of the head during body-first impacts. To address this issue, researchers have proposed or adapted various methodologies to enhance helmet evaluations, however, a widely accepted approach is yet to be established. This paper aims to serve as a comprehensive resource by evaluating the test rigs and impact boundary conditions employed across existing cycling helmet standards and literature. In addition, it highlights key areas of focus for the development of a novel test method and presents the most significant contributions from relevant research studies, as well as future research requirements.

中文翻译：

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当前骑行头盔标准和文献中使用的测试方法概述

骑行头盔在防止头部受伤方面发挥着至关重要的作用，但其在减轻所有类型头部损伤方面的效果有限，尤其是创伤性脑损伤 (TBI)。这一限制主要归因于当前的骑行头盔标准，该标准不足以代表现实世界的影响场景。具体来说，他们忽略了直接倾斜碰撞产生的旋转运动学，并且没有考虑身体优先碰撞期间头部的惯性载荷。为了解决这个问题，研究人员提出或采用了各种方法来增强头盔评估，但是尚未建立广泛接受的方法。本文旨在通过评估现有自行车头盔标准和文献中使用的测试装置和冲击边界条件，作为综合资源。此外，它还强调了开发新型测试方法的关键领域，并介绍了相关研究的最重要贡献以及未来的研究要求。