Cartography, as a strategic technology, is a historical marker. Maps are tightly connected to the cultural construction of the environment. The increasing availability of digital collections of historical map images provides an unprecedented opportunity to study large map corpora. Corpus linguistics has led to significant advances in understanding how languages change. Research on large map corpora could in turn significantly contribute to understanding cultural and historical changes. We develop a methodology for cartographic stylometry, with an approach inspired by structuralist linguistics, considering maps as visual language systems. As a case study, we focus on a corpus of 10,000 French and Swiss maps, published between 1600 and 1950. Our method is based on the fragmentation of the map image into elementary map units. A fully interpretable feature representation of these units is computed by contrasting maps from different, coherent cartographic series, based on a set of candidate visual features (texture, morphology, graphical load). The resulting representation effectively distinguishes between map series, enabling the elementary units to be grouped into types, whose distribution can be examined over 350 years. The results show that the analyzed maps underwent a steady abstraction process during the 17th and 18th centuries. The 19th century brought a lasting scission between small- and large-scale maps. Macroscopic trends are also highlighted, such as a surge in the production of fine lines, and an increase in map load, that reveal cultural fashion processes and shifts in mapping practices. This initial research demonstrates how cartographic stylometry can be used for exploratory research on visual languages and cultural evolution in large map corpora, opening an effective dialogue with the history of cartography. It also deepens the understanding of cartography by revealing macroscopic phenomena over the long term.

地图学作为一项战略技术，是一个历史标记。地图与环境的文化建设紧密相连。历史地图图像数字收藏的不断增加为研究大型地图语料库提供了前所未有的机会。语料库语言学在理解语言如何变化方面取得了重大进展。对大型地图语料库的研究反过来可以极大地有助于理解文化和历史的变化。我们开发了一种制图文体测量方法，其方法受到结构主义语言学的启发，将地图视为视觉语言系统。作为案例研究，我们重点关注 1600 年至 1950 年间出版的 10,000 张法国和瑞士地图的语料库。我们的方法基于将地图图像分割为基本地图单元。基于一组候选视觉特征（纹理、形态、图形负载），通过对比来自不同连贯制图系列的地图来计算这些单元的完全可解释的特征表示。由此产生的表示有效地区分地图系列，使基本单位能够被分组为类型，其分布可以在 350 多年的时间里进行检查。结果表明，所分析的地图在 17 世纪和 18 世纪经历了稳定的抽象过程。十九世纪带来了小比例尺地图和大比例尺地图之间的持久分裂。宏观趋势也得到了强调，例如细线产量的激增和地图负载的增加，揭示了文化时尚进程和测绘实践的转变。这项初步研究展示了制图文体测量学如何用于大型地图语料库中的视觉语言和文化演变的探索性研究，开启了与制图学历史的有效对话。它还通过揭示长期的宏观现象来加深对制图学的理解。