Urbanization has profound impacts on ecological environments. Green spaces are a vital component of urban ecosystems and play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and enhancing sustainability. This study aimed to investigate the community composition characteristics of butterflies in urban green spaces within the context of rapid urbanization. Simultaneously, it explored the status and differences in butterfly taxonomic diversity, functional diversity, and functional traits among different types of urban green spaces, regions, and urban gradients to provide relevant insights for further improving urban green space quality and promoting biodiversity conservation. We conducted a year-long survey of 80 green spaces across different urban regions and ring roads within Hefei City, Anhui Province, with monthly sampling intervals over 187 transects. A total of 4822 butterflies, belonging to 5 families, 17 subfamilies, 40 genera, and 55 species were identified. The species richness, Shannon, Simpson, functional richness, and Rao's quadratic entropy indices of butterflies in urban park green spaces were all significantly higher than those in residential and street green spaces (P < 0.05). Differences in butterfly diversity and functional traits among different urban regions and ring roads were relatively minor, and small-sized, multivoltine, and long flying duration butterflies dominated urban green spaces. Overall, these spaces offer more favorable habitats for butterflies. However, some residential green spaces and street green spaces demonstrate potential for butterfly conservation.

城市化对生态环境产生深远影响。绿色空间是城市生态系统的重要组成部分，在维持生态平衡和增强可持续性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本研究旨在探讨快速城市化背景下城市绿地蝴蝶的群落组成特征。同时探讨了不同类型城市绿地、区域和城市梯度之间蝴蝶分类多样性、功能多样性和功能特征的现状和差异，为进一步提高城市绿地质量、促进生物多样性保护提供相关见解。我们对安徽省合肥市不同城市区域和环路的80个绿地进行了为期一年的调查，每月采样间隔超过187条样线。共鉴定蝴蝶4822只，隶属于5科、17亚科、40属、55种。城市公园绿地蝴蝶的物种丰富度、香农指数、辛普森指数、功能丰富度和饶二次熵指数均显着高于住宅区和街道绿地（P  < 0.05）。不同城市区域和环路蝴蝶多样性和功能性状差异较小，城市绿地以体型小、多化性、飞行时间长的蝴蝶为主。总体而言，这些空间为蝴蝶提供了更有利的栖息地。然而，一些住宅绿地和街道绿地显示出蝴蝶保护的潜力。