The Anthropocene witnessed the landscape spread of several invasive alien plants which can remarkably influence the ecosystem services and environmental sustainability. To this end, Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae) is widely identified among top hundred pervasive invaders in view of its adverse influence on environment, agriculture, and wildlife. The adverse effects of C. odorata can further be exacerbated under the event of invasion interaction with other anthropogenic stressors such as climate change. Nevertheless, there exists dearth of pragmatic studies on invasion ecology, socio-economic impacts, ecological economics, and sustainable management prospects of C. odorata. The present review discusses the invasion ecology, distribution, mechanisms, impacts, and management strategies of C. odorata invasion. The side-effects and unsustainable use of traditional control measures (e.g., controlled fire and chemical herbicides) of C. odorata paves the way to biological control methods (e.g., gall fly). However, the control measures of C. odorata need to be assessed for their long-term ecosystem level effects to mitigate the possible adverse environmental responses. The wise application of C. odorata biomass in marginal lands for soil fertility restoration, biosorption, biorefinery, bio-medicine, and bioenergy in conjunction with ecological control measures can cover economic incentive to facilitate sustainable management of C. odorata in forestry/agroforestry systems. Nevertheless, the use of weed biomass as feedstock in biorefinery and ethno-medicine may be inadequate in reducing its invasion. Future studies should explicitly elucidate the ecological mechanisms of C. odorata in concert with the quest for its field-scale application in biorefinery to augment sustainable management.

中文翻译：

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外来入侵植物香花的生态见解和环境威胁：可持续管理的前景

人类世见证了几种外来入侵植物的景观传播，这些植物可以显着影响生态系统服务和环境可持续性。为此，鉴于Chromolaena odorata（菊科）对环境、农业和野生动物的不利影响，它被广泛列为百种普遍入侵者之一。如果与气候变化等其他人为应激因素的入侵相互作用，香花的不利影响可能会进一步加剧。然而，目前对香花入侵生态学、社会经济影响、生态经济学和可持续管理前景的务实研究还很缺乏。本文讨论了香花入侵的生态学、分布、机制、影响和管理策略。传统控制措施（例如控制火和化学除草剂）的副作用和不可持续的使用为香蠓的生物控制方法（例如瘿蝇）铺平了道路。然而，需要评估香花的控制措施对生态系统水平的长期影响，以减轻可能的不利环境反应。在边际土地上明智地应用香花生物量来恢复土壤肥力、生物吸附、生物精炼、生物医药和生物能源，并结合生态控制措施，可以提供经济激励，以促进林业/农林业系统中香花的可持续管理。然而，使用杂草生物质作为生物精炼和民族医学的原料可能不足以减少其入侵。未来的研究应明确阐明香花的生态机制，并寻求其在生物精炼中的现场规模应用，以增强可持续管理。