Nanoscience is the study of structures and materials at the nanoscale (1–100 nm), as the chemical and physical properties of matter change at the nano level. Research and innovations in the field of nanoscience have garnered high attention, especially following the invention of various spectroscopic techniques. Nanoscience assists spectroscopic techniques in enhancing their precision by providing sensitive fine materials and surfaces, while spectroscopic techniques aid in the development of nanoscience by offering more in-depth information. Thus, the design of nanomaterials with high surface areas and selected functionality can be achieved through specific chemical reactions. Several types of nanomaterials can be prepared, including advanced nanomaterials and smart materials. This review briefly deliberates on advances in nanoscience and selected advanced nanomaterials, covering their synthesis, properties and development. The review explores various recently produced nanomaterials, such as smart materials, MXenes, metal-organic frameworks, hybrids, carbon nanostructures and layered double hydroxides. It serves as a tutorial for readers interested in staying informed about the latest developments in nanomaterial research.

中文翻译：

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纳米材料类型、合成方法、特性和用途的趋势：毒性、环境问题和经济可行性

纳米科学是对纳米尺度（1-100 nm）结构和材料的研究，因为物质的化学和物理性质在纳米尺度上发生变化。纳米科学领域的研究和创新引起了高度关注，特别是在各种光谱技术的发明之后。纳米科学通过提供敏感的精细材料和表面来帮助光谱技术提高其精度，而光谱技术通过提供更深入的信息来帮助纳米科学的发展。因此，具有高表面积和选定功能的纳米材料的设计可以通过特定的化学反应来实现。可以制备多种类型的纳米材料，包括先进纳米材料和智能材料。本综述简要讨论了纳米科学的进展和选定的先进纳米材料，涵盖了它们的合成、特性和开发。该综述探讨了最近生产的各种纳米材料，例如智能材料、MXene、金属有机框架、杂化材料、碳纳米结构和层状双氢氧化物。它为有兴趣了解纳米材料研究最新进展的读者提供了教程。