Gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (GEA), a rare subtype of cervical cancer, has garnered increasing attention recently for its distinctive histopathological features, unique classification, genetic characteristics, and variable clinical outcomes compared to squamous cell and adenocarcinoma subtypes. Historically, GEA has evolved from a poorly understood entity to a distinct subtype of cervical adenocarcinoma, only recently recognized in the 2020 World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Accordingly, characteristic morphological features define GEA, shedding light on the diagnostic challenges and potential misclassification that can occur in clinical practice. Genetic alterations, including KRAS, ARID1A, and PIK3CA mutations, play a pivotal role in the development and progression of GEA. This article reviews a case of GEA and aims to provide a contemporary overview of the genetic mutations and molecular pathways implicated in GEA pathogenesis, highlighting potential therapeutic targets and the prospects of precision medicine in its management. Patients with GEA have variable clinical outcomes, with some exhibiting aggressive behavior while others follow a more indolent course. This review examines the factors contributing to this heterogeneity, including stage at diagnosis, histological grade, and genetic alterations, and their implications for patient prognoses. Treatment strategies for GEA remain a topic of debate and research. Here, we summarize the current therapeutic options, including surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, while also exploring emerging approaches, such as targeted therapies and immunotherapy. This article provides a comprehensive overview of GEA, synthesizing current knowledge from historical perspectives to contemporary insights, focusing on its classification, genetics, outcomes, and therapeutic strategies.

中文翻译：

---

胃型宫颈内膜腺癌的诊断与治疗：一例报告并文献复习

胃型宫颈内膜腺癌（GEA）是一种罕见的宫颈癌亚型，与鳞状细胞和腺癌亚型相比，其独特的组织病理学特征、独特的分类、遗传特征和可变的临床结果最近引起了越来越多的关注。从历史上看，GEA 已经从一个鲜为人知的实体演变为一种独特的宫颈腺癌亚型，直到最近才在 2020 年世界卫生组织 (WHO) 分类中得到认可。因此，典型的形态学特征定义了 GEA，揭示了临床实践中可能发生的诊断挑战和潜在的错误分类。基因改变，包括 KRAS、ARID1A 和 PIK3CA 突变，在 GEA 的发生和进展中发挥着关键作用。本文回顾了一个 GEA 病例，旨在对 GEA 发病机制中涉及的基因突变和分子途径提供当代概述，强调潜在的治疗靶点以及精准医学在其治疗中的前景。GEA 患者的临床结果各不相同，有些患者表现出攻击性行为，而另一些则表现出较为惰性的病程。本综述探讨了造成这种异质性的因素，包括诊断分期、组织学分级和遗传改变及其对患者预后的影响。GEA 的治疗策略仍然是争论和研究的话题。在这里，我们总结了当前的治疗方案，包括手术、放射治疗和化疗，同时也探索了新兴方法，例如靶向治疗和免疫治疗。本文对 GEA 进行了全面概述，综合了从历史角度到当代见解的当前知识，重点关注其分类、遗传学、结果和治疗策略。