Animal migration has fascinated scientists and the public alike for centuries, yet migratory animals are facing diverse threats that could lead to their demise. The Anthropocene is characterised by the reality that humans are the dominant force on Earth, having manifold negative effects on biodiversity and ecosystem function. Considerable research focus has been given to assessing anthropogenic impacts on the numerical abundance of species/populations, whereas relatively less attention has been devoted to animal migration. However, there are clear linkages, for example, where human‐driven impacts on migration behaviour can lead to population/species declines or even extinction. Here, we explore anthropogenic threats to migratory animals (in all domains – aquatic, terrestrial, and aerial) using International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Threat Taxonomy classifications. We reveal the diverse threats (e.g. human development, disease, invasive species, climate change, exploitation, pollution) that impact migratory wildlife in varied ways spanning taxa, life stages and type of impact (e.g. from direct mortality to changes in behaviour, health, and physiology). Notably, these threats often interact in complex and unpredictable ways to the detriment of wildlife, further complicating management. Fortunately, we are beginning to identify strategies for conserving and managing migratory animals in the Anthropocene. We provide a set of strategies that, if embraced, have the potential to ensure that migratory animals, and the important ecological functions sustained by migration, persist.

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人类世的动物迁徙：威胁和缓解方案

几个世纪以来，动物迁徙一直让科学家和公众着迷，但迁徙动物正面临着多种威胁，这些威胁可能导致它们的灭亡。人类世的特点是人类是地球上的主导力量，对生物多样性和生态系统功能产生多方面的负面影响。相当多的研究重点是评估人为对物种/种群数量丰度的影响，而对动物迁徙的关注相对较少。然而，存在明显的联系，例如，人类对迁徙行为的影响可能导致种群/物种减少甚至灭绝。在这里，我们使用国际自然保护联盟 (IUCN) 威胁分类学分类来探讨对迁徙动物（在所有领域 - 水生、陆地和空中）的人为威胁。我们揭示了以不同方式影响迁徙野生动物的各种威胁（例如人类发展、疾病、入侵物种、气候变化、开发、污染），涉及类群、生命阶段和影响类型（例如从直接死亡到行为、健康、和生理学）。值得注意的是，这些威胁往往以复杂且不可预测的方式相互作用，损害野生动物，使管理进一步复杂化。幸运的是，我们开始确定人类世保护和管理迁徙动物的策略。我们提供了一套策略，如果得到采纳，就有可能确保迁徙动物以及迁徙所维持的重要生态功能持续存在。