Multiple and simultaneous attacks by pathogens and insect pests frequently occur in nature. Plants respond to biotic stresses by activating distinct defense mechanisms, but little is known about how plants cope with multiple stresses. The focus of this study was the combined interaction of fungal infection caused by Leptosphaeria maculans (synonym Plenodomus lingam) and arthropod infestation by the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) in oilseed rape (Brassica napus). We hypothesized that infection by the fungal pathogen L. maculans could alter oilseed rape palatability to P. xylostella-chewing caterpillars. Feeding preference tests were complemented with analyses of defense gene transcription, and levels of glucosinolates (GLSs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in L. maculans-inoculated and non-inoculated (control) leaves to determine possible causes of larval choice.

中文翻译：

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真菌感染是否会增加油菜对昆虫的适口性？

自然界中经常发生病原体和害虫的多重且同时的攻击。植物通过激活不同的防御机制来应对生物胁迫，但人们对植物如何应对多种胁迫知之甚少。本研究的重点是油菜（甘蓝型油菜）中Leptosphaeria maculans（同义词Plenodomus lingam）引起的真菌感染与小菜蛾（Plutella xylostella ）引起的节肢动物感染之间的相互作用。我们假设真菌病原体L. maculans的感染可能会改变油菜对小菜蛾咀嚼毛虫的适口性。通过分析防御基因转录以及接种L. maculans和未接种（对照）叶片中芥子油苷 (GLS) 和挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 的水平来补充取食偏好测试，以确定幼虫选择的可能原因。