Around 2 million people are diagnosed with lung cancer annually, causing 20,000 deaths. Non-small cell carcinomas account for 80−85% of lung cancer cases. Over the last few decades, there has been an improved understanding of the chromosomal makeup of lung cancer. As a result, the clinical care and treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have changed. This is possible due to advanced molecular techniques and chromosomal analysis, which have revealed persistent genetic abnormalities. Specific medications have increased the median survival time for NSCLC patients. Pulmonary pathology and oncology patients now receive personalized medication based on genetic abnormalities and other prognostic indicators. However, the diagnosis algorithms become complicated due to the various testing methods available. Consensus standards and recommendations have standardized NSCLC diagnostic testing. This article discusses the molecular genetic landscape of NSCLC and the latest therapy developments, focusing on clinically relevant changes using several schematic and tabular representations.

中文翻译：

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非小细胞肺癌的分子发病机制、器官转移和靶向治疗

每年约有 200 万人被诊断出患有肺癌，导致 2 万人死亡。非小细胞癌占肺癌病例的 80-85%。在过去的几十年里，人们对肺癌的染色体组成有了更深入的了解。因此，晚期或转移性非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者的临床护理和治疗发生了变化。这是可能的，因为先进的分子技术和染色体分析揭示了持续的遗传异常。特定药物延长了 NSCLC 患者的中位生存时间。肺部病理学和肿瘤学患者现在根据遗传异常和其他预后指标接受个性化药物治疗。然而，由于可用的测试方法多种多样，诊断算法变得复杂。共识标准和建议已标准化 NSCLC 诊断测试。本文讨论了 NSCLC 的分子遗传学概况和最新的治疗进展，重点关注使用几种示意图和表格表示的临床相关变化。