Abstract

The CRISPR/Cas systems have emerged as transformative tools for precisely manipulating plant genomes and enhancement. It has provided unparalleled applications from modifying the plant genomes to resistant enhancement. This review manuscript summarises the mechanism, application, and current challenges in the CRISPR/Cas genome editing technology. It addresses the molecular mechanisms of different Cas genes, elucidating their applications in various plants through crop improvement, disease resistance, and trait improvement. The advent of the CRISPR/Cas systems has enabled researchers to precisely modify plant genomes through gene knockouts, knock-ins, and gene expression modulation. Despite these successes, the CRISPR/Cas technology faces challenges, including off-target effects, Cas toxicity, and efficiency. In this manuscript, we also discuss these challenges and outline ongoing strategies employed to overcome these challenges, including the development of novel CRISPR/Cas variants with improved specificity and specific delivery methods for different plant species. The manuscript will conclude by addressing the future perspectives of the CRISPR/Cas technology in plants. Although this review manuscript is not conclusive, it aims to provide immense insights into the current state and future potential of CRISPR/Cas in sustainable and secure plant production.

中文翻译：

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植物中的 CRISPR/Cas 基因组编辑：机制、应用和克服瓶颈

摘要

CRISPR/Cas 系统已成为精确操纵和增强植物基因组的变革工具。它提供了从修改植物基因组到增强抗性的无与伦比的应用。这篇综述总结了 CRISPR/Cas 基因组编辑技术的机制、应用和当前挑战。它阐述了不同 Cas 基因的分子机制，阐明了它们通过作物改良、抗病性和性状改良在各种植物中的应用。CRISPR/Cas系统的出现使研究人员能够通过基因敲除、敲入和基因表达调节来精确修改植物基因组。尽管取得了这些成功，CRISPR/Cas 技术仍面临挑战，包括脱靶效应、Cas 毒性和效率。在这份手稿中，我们还讨论了这些挑战，并概述了用于克服这些挑战的持续策略，包括开发具有改进的特异性的新型 CRISPR/Cas 变体以及针对不同植物物种的特定递送方法。该手稿的最后将讨论植物中 CRISPR/Cas 技术的未来前景。尽管这篇综述手稿不是结论性的，但它旨在为 CRISPR/Cas 在可持续和安全的植物生产中的现状和未来潜力提供深入的见解。