The purpose of this research note is to inform national park management regarding the strategies in rationing campsites in popular U.S. national park campgrounds and provide data-driven guidance for the design of more fair and equitable methods for distributing limited, highly demanded campsites. To explore preferences in campsite rationing techniques and preferred and maximum campsite booking windows, we collected survey data among randomly sampled onsite visitors in Grand Canyon National Park at scenic viewpoints and Mather Campground in 2023. The rationing technique with the highest level of positive support was advance reservation, followed by a combination of time frames for booking window (e.g., 6-month, 2- month, and 2-week) and a combination of rationing techniques (e.g., advance reservation and first-come, first-serve). Concerning fairness and equity, we found that respondents in higher annual household income groups had a longer maximum booking window, on average, than those in lower income groups. Thus, we discuss the merits of offering a diversity of booking windows to meet the needs of multiple groups, each with constrained booking horizons.

中文翻译：

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美国国家公园露营者首选和最大预订窗口的探索：对提高公平性的影响

本研究报告的目的是向国家公园管理人员通报美国热门国家公园露营地配给露营地的策略，并为设计更公平和公正的方法来分配有限的、高需求的露营地提供数据驱动的指导。为了探究露营地配给技术的偏好以及首选和最大露营地预订窗口，我们收集了 2023 年大峡谷国家公园观景台和马瑟营地随机抽样的现场游客的调查数据。积极支持程度最高的配给技术是先进的预订，然后是预订窗口时间范围的组合（例如，6 个月、2 个月和 2 周）和配给技术的组合（例如，提前预订和先到先得）。关于公平和公正，我们发现家庭年收入较高群体的受访者平均最大预订窗口比较低收入群体的受访者更长。因此，我们讨论了提供多样化预订窗口以满足多个群体（每个群体的预订范围都有限）的需求的优点。