Auditory deprivation following congenital/pre‐lingual deafness (C/PD) can drastically affect brain development and its functional organisation. This systematic review intends to extend current knowledge of the impact of C/PD and deafness duration on brain resting‐state networks (RSNs), review changes in RSNs and spoken language outcomes post‐cochlear implant (CI) and draw conclusions for future research. The systematic literature search followed the PRISMA guideline. Two independent reviewers searched four electronic databases using combined keywords: ‘auditory deprivation’, ‘congenital/prelingual deafness’, ‘resting‐state functional connectivity’ (RSFC), ‘resting‐state fMRI’ and ‘cochlear implant’. Seventeen studies (16 cross‐sectional and one longitudinal) met the inclusion criteria. Using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool, the publications' quality was rated between 65.0% and 92.5% (mean: 84.10%), ≥80% in 13 out of 17 studies. A few studies were deficient in sampling and/or ethical considerations. According to the findings, early auditory deprivation results in enhanced RSFC between the auditory network and brain networks involved in non‐verbal communication, and high levels of spontaneous neural activity in the auditory cortex before CI are evidence of occupied auditory cortical areas with other sensory modalities (cross‐modal plasticity) and sub‐optimal CI outcomes. Overall, current evidence supports the idea that moreover intramodal and cross‐modal plasticity, the entire brain adaptation following auditory deprivation contributes to spoken language development and compensatory behaviours.

中文翻译：

---

早期耳聋静息态网络改变及其对人工耳蜗植入结果影响的系统评价

先天性/语前性耳聋（C/PD）后的听觉剥夺会极大地影响大脑发育及其功能组织。本系统综述旨在扩展当前关于 C/PD 和耳聋持续时间对大脑静息状态网络 (RSN) 影响的认识，回顾 RSN 的变化和人工耳蜗植入 (CI) 后的口语结果，并为未来的研究得出结论。系统文献检索遵循 PRISMA 指南。两名独立评审员使用组合关键词搜索了四个电子数据库：“听觉剥夺”、“先天性/语前耳聋”、“静息态功能连接”(RSFC)、“静息态功能磁共振成像”和“人工耳蜗”。十七项研究（16 项横向研究和一项纵向研究）符合纳入标准。使用 Crowe 批判性评估工具，出版物质量评级在 65.0% 至 92.5% 之间（平均值：84.10%），17 项研究中有 13 项≥80%。一些研究在抽样和/或伦理考虑方面存在缺陷。根据研究结果，早期听觉剥夺会导致听觉网络和参与非语言交流的大脑网络之间的 RSFC 增强，并且 CI 之前听觉皮层中的高水平自发神经活动是其他感觉方式占据听觉皮层区域的证据（跨模式可塑性）和次优 CI 结果。总体而言，目前的证据支持这样的观点，即除了模式内和跨模式可塑性之外，听觉剥夺后的整个大脑适应也有助于口语发展和补偿行为。