To investigate the neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm infants born < 29 weeks gestation with/without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Preterm infants < 29 weeks’ gestation born 2007–2018 in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, Australia, were included. Infants who died < 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age and those with major congenital anomalies were excluded. Subjects were assessed at 18–42 months corrected age using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd edition. 1436 infants without BPD (non-BPD) and 1189 infants with BPD were followed. The BPD group, 69 % infants were discharged without respiratory support (BPD1), 29 % on oxygen (BPD2) and 2 % on pressure support/tracheostomy (BPD3). Moderate neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) was evident in 5.7 % of non-BPD infants, 11 % BPD1, 15 % BPD2, 15 % BPD3 infants. Severe NDI was seen in 1.7 % non-BPD infants, 3.4 % BPD1, 7.3 % BPD2, 35 % BPD3 infants. After adjusting for confounders, infants with BPD2 (OR 2.24, 99.9 % CI 1.25 to 5.77) or BPD3 (OR 5.99, 99.9 % CI 1.27 to 46.77) were more likely to have moderate-severe NDI compared to non-BPD infants. The majority of infants with BPD were discharged home without respiratory support and had better neurocognitive outcomes in early childhood compared to those that required home-based oxygen or respiratory support.

中文翻译：

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患有支气管肺发育不良 (BPD) 的极早产儿的神经发育结局——一项回顾性队列研究

旨在调查妊娠 < 29 周出生的患有/不患有支气管肺发育不良 (BPD) 的早产儿的神经发育结局。包括 2007 年至 2018 年在新南威尔士州和澳大利亚首都特区出生的妊娠 < 29 周的早产儿。月经后 36 周以下死亡的婴儿和患有严重先天异常的婴儿被排除在外。使用贝利婴儿发育量表第三版对受试者在 18-42 个月的校正年龄进行评估。对 1436 名没有 BPD（非 BPD）的婴儿和 1189 名患有 BPD 的婴儿进行了随访。BPD 组中，69% 的婴儿在没有呼吸支持的情况下出院 (BPD1)，29% 的婴儿需要吸氧 (BPD2)，2% 的婴儿需要压力支持/气管切开术 (BPD3)。5.7% 的非 BPD 婴儿、11% BPD1、15% BPD2、15% BPD3 婴儿中度神经发育障碍 (NDI) 明显。1.7% 的非 BPD 婴儿、3.4% BPD1、7.3% BPD2、35% BPD3 婴儿出现严重 NDI。调整混杂因素后，与非 BPD 婴儿相比，BPD2（OR 2.24，99.9 % CI 1.25 至 5.77）或 BPD3（OR 5.99，99.9 % CI 1.27 至 46.77）的婴儿更有可能出现中重度 NDI。大多数患有 BPD 的婴儿在没有呼吸支持的情况下出院回家，与需要家庭氧气或呼吸支持的婴儿相比，他们在幼儿期有更好的神经认知结果。