Immune disorders have become one of the public health problems and imposes a serious economic and social burden worldwide. Ginsenosides, the main active constituents of ginseng, are regarded as a novel supplementary strategy for preventing and improving immune disorders and related diseases. This review summarized the recent research progress of ginsenosides in immunomodulation and proposed future directions to promote the development and application of ginsenosides. After critically reviewing the immunomodulatory potential of ginsenosides both in vitro and in vivo and even in clinical data of humans, we provided a perspective that ginsenosides regulated the immune system through activation of immune cells, cytokines, and signaling pathways such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt, STAT, and AMPK, as well as positively affected immune organs, gut flora structure, and systemic inflammatory responses. However, the evidence for the safety and efficacy of ginsenosides is insufficient, and the immune pathways of ginsenosides remain incompletely characterized. We believe that this review will provide a valuable reference for further research on ginsenosides as dietary supplements with immunomodulatory effects.

中文翻译：

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人参皂苷作为具有免疫调节作用的膳食补充剂：综述

免疫性疾病已成为公共卫生问题之一，给全世界带来严重的经济和社会负担。人参皂苷是人参的主要活性成分，被认为是预防和改善免疫紊乱及相关疾病的新型补充策略。本文综述了近年来人参皂苷在免疫调节方面的研究进展，并提出了未来促进人参皂苷开发和应用的方向。在严格审查了人参皂苷的体外和体内免疫调节潜力，甚至在人类临床数据中，我们提出了一个观点：人参皂苷通过激活免疫细胞、细胞因子和 MAPK、PI3K/Akt 等信号通路来调节免疫系统。 、STAT 和 AMPK，并对免疫器官、肠道菌群结构和全身炎症反应产生积极影响。然而，人参皂苷的安全性和有效性的证据不足，并且人参皂苷的免疫途径仍未完全表征。我们相信该综述将为进一步研究人参皂苷作为具有免疫调节作用的膳食补充剂提供有价值的参考。