In steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) systems, traditional flickering stimulation patterns face challenges in achieving a trade-off in both BCI performance and visual comfort across various frequency bands. To investigate the optimal stimulation paradigms with high performance and high comfort for each frequency band, this study systematically compared the characteristics of SSVEP and user experience of different stimulation paradigms with a wide stimulation frequency range of 1–60 Hz. The findings suggest that, for a better balance between system performance and user experience, ON and OFF grid stimuli with a Weber contrast of 50% can be utilized as alternatives to traditional flickering stimulation paradigms in the frequency band of 1–25 Hz. In the 25–35 Hz range, uniform flicker stimuli with the same 50% contrast are more suitable. In the higher frequency band, traditional uniform flicker stimuli with a high 300% contrast are preferred. These results are significant for developing high performance and user-friendly SSVEP-based BCI systems.

中文翻译：

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优化视觉刺激范式，实现用户友好的基于 SSVEP 的 BCI

在基于稳态视觉诱发电位 (SSVEP) 的脑机接口 (BCI) 系统中，传统的闪烁刺激模式面临着在不同频段的 BCI 性能和视觉舒适度之间实现权衡的挑战。为了研究每个频段的高性能和高舒适度的最佳刺激范式，本研究系统地比较了 1-60 Hz 宽刺激频率范围内不同刺激范式的 SSVEP 特性和用户体验。研究结果表明，为了更好地平衡系统性能和用户体验，韦伯对比度为 50% 的开和关网格刺激可以用作 1-25 Hz 频段内传统闪烁刺激范例的替代方案。在 25-35 Hz 范围内，具有相同 50% 对比度的均匀闪烁刺激更合适。在较高频段，首选具有 300% 高对比度的传统均匀闪烁刺激。这些结果对于开发高性能且用户友好的基于 SSVEP 的 BCI 系统具有重要意义。