Tusaviruses in the genus Protoparvovirus of family Parvoviridae were first identified in a diarrhoeic Tunisian child in 2014. Thereafter, high prevalence of a genetically similar virus was demonstrated in faeces from caprine and ovine species in Hungary. Here, we describe an investigation into the cause of scabby lip lesions in a 6 month-old lamb, submitted from a farm experiencing weight loss and scouring in lambs in England. Transmission electron microscopy visualised small circular particles of 18 and 22 nm in diameter in lip lesions identified as tusavirus and flumine parvovirus by Next Generation Sequencing. Liver, kidney, lung, small intestine content and faeces were also strongly positive for the tusavirus DNA as well as 10 % of faecal samples of the flock collected 2 months after the initial lip sampling. NS1 and VP1 amino acid sequences of this tusavirus displayed 99.5 and 92.89 % identity to those of a human tusavirus, respectively. These amino acid identities were at 95.5 and 89.68 % when compared to those of a goat tusavirus. Phylogenetic analysis of the NS1 and VP1 also grouped the virus in the genus Protoparvovirus and close to tusaviruses detected in human, ovine and caprine species. Wider surveillance of the virus indicated a broader geographical distribution for the virus in England. Histology of the lip tissue revealed localised areas of epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis affecting haired skin, with mild leucocyte infiltration of the subjacent dermis, but no changes to implicate virus involvement. Flumine parvovirus was concluded to be an environment contaminant. Broader studies in prevalence of these virus in UK sheep flocks and human population, animal models and experimental infections could provide insights into the pathogenesis of these novel viruses and their zoonotic potential.

中文翻译：

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在一只唇部病变并患有致命性肺炎的羔羊身上偶然发现了类人土沙病毒

细小病毒科原细小病毒属的兔病毒于 2014 年首次在一名腹泻的突尼斯儿童中被发现。此后，在匈牙利山羊和绵羊的粪便中发现了一种基因相似的病毒的高流行率。在这里，我们描述了一项对 6 个月大羔羊结痂唇部病变原因的调查，该调查提交自英国一家经历过羔羊体重减轻和冲刷的农场。透射电子显微镜观察到唇部病变中直径为 18 和 22 nm 的小圆形颗粒，通过下一代测序鉴定为兔病毒和流感细小病毒。肝脏、肾脏、肺、小肠内容物和粪便以及初次唇部取样后 2 个月收集的鸡群粪便样本中 10% 的兔病毒 DNA 也呈强阳性。该土沙病毒的 NS1 和 VP1 氨基酸序列与人类土沙病毒的氨基酸序列分别具有 99.5% 和 92.89% 的同一性。与山羊 tusavirus 相比，这些氨基酸同一性分别为 95.5% 和 89.68%。NS1 和 VP1 的系统发育分析也将该病毒归入原细小病毒属，并且与在人类、绵羊和山羊物种中检测到的土沙病毒接近。对病毒的更广泛监测表明该病毒在英格兰的地理分布更广泛。唇组织的组织学显示局部区域有表皮增生和角化过度，影响有毛的皮肤，真皮下方有轻度白细胞浸润，但没有变化表明病毒参与。流感细小病毒被认为是一种环境污染物。对这些病毒在英国羊群和人群、动物模型和实验感染中的流行情况进行更广泛的研究，可以深入了解这些新型病毒的发病机制及其人畜共患病的可能性。