Since Cajal introduced dendritic spines in the 19th century, they have attained considerable attention, especially in neuropsychiatric and neurologic disorders. Multiple roles of dendritic spine malfunction and pathology in the progression of various diseases have been reported. Thus, it is inevitable to consider these structures as new therapeutic targets for treating neuropsychiatric and neurologic disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, dementia, Down syndrome, etc. Therefore, we attempted to prepare a narrative review of the literature regarding the role of dendritic spines in the pathogenesis of aforementioned diseases and to shed new light on their pathophysiology.

中文翻译：

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树突棘及其在神经发育和神经系统疾病发病机制中的作用

自从卡哈尔在 19 世纪引入树突棘以来，树突棘受到了相当大的关注，特别是在神经精神和神经系统疾病方面。树突棘功能障碍和病理学在各种疾病进展中的多种作用已被报道。因此，不可避免地将这些结构视为治疗神经精神和神经系统疾病（如自闭症谱系障碍、精神分裂症、痴呆、唐氏综合症等）的新治疗靶点。因此，我们试图对有关这些结构的作用的文献进行叙述性回顾。树突棘在上述疾病发病机制中的作用，并为其病理生理学提供新的线索。