Sexual violence (SV) survivors face negative social reactions, which can affect their recovery. Based on the socio-interpersonal model of trauma, understanding how societal circumstances impact SV survivors’ mental health is important. This study examined conditional indirect effects of interpersonal shame and social acknowledgment on the relationship between perceived SV event severity and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) symptoms. Cross-sectional data from 157 community-based adults who had previously experienced SV were collected from an online panel. Exploratory factor analysis of the Social Acknowledgment Questionnaire was conducted, followed by conditional indirect analyses using Models 1, 4, and 7 of PROCESS macro. First, results showed that a two-factor model of social acknowledgment consisting of “social disapproval” and “social recognition” was more suitable for this study than a three-factor model predominantly used by Western societies. Second, interpersonal shame partially mediated the relationship between perceived SV event severity and CPTSD symptoms. Third, the conditional indirect effect of social disapproval on the mediating effect of interpersonal shame was significant when the social disapproval level was high. This indicates that the indirect effect of interpersonal shame on CPTSD increases when the social disapproval level is high. This study supported the socio-interpersonal perspective of trauma and suggested that increasing social acknowledgment beyond personal-level intervention would be a critical step for recovery of SV survivors to decrease their interpersonal shame and CPTSD.

中文翻译：

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社会认可和人际羞耻对韩国性暴力幸存者复杂的创伤后应激障碍症状的影响

性暴力（SV）幸存者面临负面的社会反应，这可能会影响他们的康复。根据创伤的社会人际模型，了解社会环境如何影响SV幸存者的心理健康非常重要。本研究探讨了人际羞耻和社会认可对感知 SV 事件严重程度与复杂的创伤后应激障碍 (CPTSD) 症状之间关系的有条件间接影响。从在线小组收集了 157 名曾经历过 SV 的社区成年人的横断面数据。对社会认可问卷进行探索性因素分析，然后使用 PROCESS 宏的模型 1、4 和 7 进行条件间接分析。首先，结果表明，由“社会不赞成”和“社会认可”组成的社会认可的双因素模型比西方社会主要使用的三因素模型更适合本研究。其次，人际羞耻感部分调节了感知的 SV 事件严重程度与 CPTSD 症状之间的关系。第三，当社会不满水平较高时，社会不满对人际羞耻中介作用的条件间接影响显着。这表明，当社会不认可程度较高时，人际羞耻对 CPTSD 的间接影响会增加。这项研究支持了创伤的社会人际视角，并表明在个人层面的干预之外增加社会认可将是 SV 幸存者康复的关键一步，以减少他们的人际羞耻和 CPTSD。