The article investigates normative preferences for environmental protection over economic growth registered in 74 countries—based on the European Values Study and the World Value Survey (2017–2022). We employ multi-level logistic regression to demonstrate that Gross Domestic Product per capita moderates the effects of political orientation and household income, both of which tend to be stronger in wealthier countries. Only in wealthy societies are left-leaning and affluent individuals far more likely to prefer environmental protection. Not accounting for moderation leads to underestimating the propensity for political polarization over environmental questions. Hence, our study suggests that large-scale implementation of growth-impeding or wealth-sacrificing environmental policies could face insurmountable public opposition in wealthy societies. Furthermore, failing to account for the moderation by GDP per capita in cross-national studies of environmental attitudes may constitute a confounding factor by aggregating wealthier countries, where the effects of political orientation and household income prove substantial, with the poorer ones, where they appear negligible.

中文翻译：

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国家财富很重要：政治倾向和家庭收入如何影响环境保护态度的跨国分析

本文基于欧洲价值观研究和世界价值调查（2017-2022 年），调查了 74 个国家对环境保护相对于经济增长的规范偏好。我们采用多层次逻辑回归来证明人均国内生产总值调节政治倾向和家庭收入的影响，这两者在富裕国家往往更强。只有在富裕社会，左倾和富裕的个人才更有可能倾向于环境保护。不考虑温和性会导致低估环境问题上政治两极分化的倾向。因此，我们的研究表明，大规模实施阻碍增长或牺牲财富的环境政策可能会在富裕社会面临难以克服的公众反对。此外，在关于环境态度的跨国研究中，未能考虑人均国内生产总值的调节可能会构成一个混杂因素，因为将较富裕的国家（政治倾向和家庭收入的影响被证明是巨大的）与较贫穷的国家（在这些国家中，政治倾向和家庭收入的影响似乎很大）相结合，可能会构成一个混杂因素。微不足道。