Plant Growth-Promoting Microbes (PGPM) have the potential to enhance sustainable agriculture, but there is still a limited understanding of how the complex interplay between plant genetic variability, the native soil community, and soil nutrients affects PGPM recruitment. To address this challenge, we investigated the impact of bacteria isolates and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) along with their accompany microbiome (AMFc) derived from a wild chrysanthemum on the growth of five different commercial chrysanthemum cultivars (Chic, Chic 45, Chic Cream, Haydar and Barolo), as well as their rhizosphere microbiomes, within a nutrient-rich complex substrate environment. We found 23 bacterial strains capable of producing siderophore, 14 strains capable of producing Indole-3-acetic acid, and 18 strains capable of solubilizing phosphate. The AMFc had six AMF species, and the bacterial and fungal communities associated with AMF belonged to different phyla. Using generalized joint models, we investigated the impact of the three most effective bacterial strains and the AMFc on plant growth (shoot and root dry mass) while integrating information on plant genotype, environment, and microbes. The impact of PGPM inoculation varied from positive to negative effects depending on the cultivar, with Chic Cream showing the highest increase in root biomass after inoculation with both bacterial strain SMF006 (57 %) and AMFc inoculation (79 %). Our study demonstrates that PGPM from wild relative can impact the growth and assembly of the chrysanthemum root microbiome, but this impact is cultivar-dependent. Furthermore, inoculation with a complex AMF containing community (AMFc) induced greater changes in the rhizosphere microbiome than with a single bacterial isolate. Our study shows that inoculation of a complex community of beneficial microbes results in more effective plant growth promotion.

中文翻译：

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品种控制植物对接种单一分离株的反应以及与丛枝菌根真菌相关的微生物组

植物促生长微生物 (PGPM) 具有增强可持续农业的潜力，但对于植物遗传变异、原生土壤群落和土壤养分之间复杂的相互作用如何影响 PGPM 补充的了解仍然有限。为了应对这一挑战，我们研究了源自野菊花的细菌分离株和丛枝菌根真菌 (AMF) 及其伴随微生物组 (AMFc) 对五种不同商业菊花品种（Chic、Chic 45、Chic Cream、 Haydar 和 Barolo）及其根际微生物组，位于营养丰富的复杂基质环境中。我们发现了23个能够产生铁载体的细菌菌株，14个能够产生Indole-3-乙酸的菌株，以及18个能够溶解磷酸盐的菌株。AMFc有6个AMF物种，与AMF相关的细菌和真菌群落属于不同的门。使用广义联合模型，我们研究了三种最有效的细菌菌株和 AMFc 对植物生长（芽和根干质量）的影响，同时整合了植物基因型、环境和微生物的信息。PGPM 接种的影响因品种而异，有正面影响也有负面影响，其中 Chic Cream 在接种细菌菌株 SMF006 (57%) 和 AMFc (79%) 后根部生物量增加最高。我们的研究表明，来自野生近缘种的 PGPM 可以影响菊花根部微生物组的生长和组装，但这种影响取决于品种。此外，与单一细菌分离株相比，接种含有复杂 AMF 的群落 (AMFc) 会引起根际微生物组发生更大的变化。我们的研究表明，接种复杂的有益微生物群落可以更有效地促进植物生长。