Over the last decade, the convergence of advanced materials and innovative applications has fostered notable scientific progress within the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Porphyrins and their derivatives, distinguished by an extended conjugated π-electron system, have a relevant role in propelling these advancements, especially in drug delivery systems, photodynamic therapy, wound healing, and (bio)sensing. However, despite their promise, the practical clinical application of these macrocycles is hindered by their inherent challenges of low solubility and instability under physiological conditions. To address this limitation, researchers have exploited the synergistic association of porphyrins and chlorins with polysaccharides by engineering conjugated systems and composite/hybrid materials. This review compiles the principal advances in this growing research field, elucidating fundamental principles and critically examining the applications of such materials within biomedical and pharmaceutical contexts. Additionally, the review addresses the eventual challenges and outlines future perspectives for this poignant research field. It is expected that this review will serve as a comprehensive guide for students and researchers dedicated to exploring state-of-the-art materials for contemporary medicine and pharmaceutical applications.

中文翻译：

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与多糖相关的卟啉和二氢卟酚以及用于生物医学和制药应用的多糖基材料的进展

在过去的十年中，先进材料和创新应用的融合促进了生物医学和制药领域的显着科学进步。卟啉及其衍生物以扩展的共轭 π 电子系统为特征，在推动这些进步方面发挥着相关作用，特别是在药物输送系统、光动力治疗、伤口愈合和（生物）传感方面。然而，尽管它们有希望，但这些大环化合物的实际临床应用因其在生理条件下溶解度低和不稳定的固有挑战而受到阻碍。为了解决这一限制，研究人员通过设计共轭系统和复合/混合材料，利用了卟啉和二氢卟酚与多糖的协同作用。这篇综述汇集了这个不断发展的研究领域的主要进展，阐明了基本原理并批判性地研究了此类材料在生物医学和制药领域的应用。此外，该评论还解决了最终的挑战，并概述了这个令人心酸的研究领域的未来前景。预计这篇综述将为致力于探索当代医学和制药应用最先进材料的学生和研究人员提供全面的指南。