Early-life stress (ELS) is an established risk factor for a host of adult mental and physical health problems, including both depression and obesity. Recent studies additionally showed that ELS was associated with an increased risk of comorbidity between mental and physical health problems, already in adolescence. Healthy lifestyle factors, including physical activity, sleep and diet have also been robustly linked to both emotional and physical wellbeing. However, it is yet unclear whether these lifestyle factors may moderate the association between ELS and psycho-physical comorbidity. We investigated whether participation in physical activity, sleep duration, and adherence to a Mediterranean diet, moderated the relationship between cumulative ELS exposure over the first 10 years of life and psycho-physical comorbidity at the age of 13.5 years. Analyses were conducted in 2022–2023, using data from two large adolescent samples based in the UK (ALSPAC; = 8428) and The Netherlands (Generation R; = 4268). Exposure to ELS was significantly associated with a higher risk of developing comorbidity, however this association was not modified by any of the three lifestyle factors investigated. Only physical activity was significantly associated with a reduced risk of comorbidity in one cohort (OR [95%CI] = 0.73 [0.59;0.89]). In conclusion, while we found some evidence that more frequent physical activity may be associated with a reduction in psycho-physical comorbidity, we did not find evidence in support of the hypothesised moderation effects. However, more research is warranted to examine how these associations may evolve over time.

中文翻译：

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生活方式因素在早期生活压力与青少年身心健康之间关系中的作用：两个欧洲出生队列的调节分析

早年压力（ELS）是导致许多成人心理和身体健康问题（包括抑郁症和肥胖症）的既定风险因素。最近的研究还表明，ELS 与青春期心理和身体健康问题合并症的风险增加有关。健康的生活方式因素，包括体力活动、睡眠和饮食也与情绪和身体健康密切相关。然而，目前尚不清楚这些生活方式因素是否可以调节 ELS 与心理身体共病之间的关联。我们调查了参与体力活动、睡眠时间和坚持地中海饮食是否调节了生命前 10 年累积 ELS 暴露与 13.5 岁时心理身体合并症之间的关系。分析于 2022 年至 2023 年进行，使用来自英国（ALSPAC；= 8428）和荷兰（R 一代；= 4268）的两个大型青少年样本的数据。暴露于 ELS 与发生合并症的较高风险显着相关，但这种关联并未因所调查的三个生活方式因素中的任何一个而改变。在一组中，只有体力活动与合并症风险降低显着相关（OR [95%CI] = 0.73 [0.59;0.89]）。总之，虽然我们发现一些证据表明更频繁的体力活动可能与心理身体合并症的减少有关，但我们没有找到支持假设的调节效应的证据。然而，需要更多的研究来检验这些关联如何随着时间的推移而演变。