Congenital conditions with atypical development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomic sex characteristics are referred to as Differences of Sex Development (DSD). Psychosocial care is recommended to be an integral part of clinical management for individuals with DSD. Few studies have examined the perceived need for, utilization of and the opinions of individuals with DSD regarding psychological support. This cross-sectional study was part of a European multicentre study in 14 different medical centres in six countries. In total, 1040 individuals with DSD participated in a patient-reported outcome questionnaire asking about experiences and opinions regarding psychological support in DSD care. A majority of the participants reported that they had not received psychological support, in childhood and/or adolescence (70.6%, = 692) nor in adulthood (67.9%, = 661). Need for psychological support in childhood and/or adolescence was reported by 51.3% ( = 503), need for psychological support in adulthood, was reported by 49.5% ( = 482). The majority (80.2%; = 718) agreed with the statement that people with DSD should always be offered psychological support. According to 78.7% ( = 697) of the participants, parents of children with DSD should always be offered psychological support. Our findings support the existing consensus that psychological support should be an integral part of DSD care. The discrepancy between received and perceived need for psychological support suggests that individuals with DSD experience barriers to access mental health care services. Psychosocial and psychological services for children, adolescents and adults should therefore be available and offered throughout the lifespan to individuals with DSD.

中文翻译：

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对性别发育差异个体（DSD）的心理支持

染色体、性腺或解剖性别特征发育不典型的先天性疾病称为性别发育差异 (DSD)。建议将社会心理护理作为 DSD 患者临床管理的一个组成部分。很少有研究调查 DSD 患者对心理支持的感知需求、利用和意见。这项横断面研究是欧洲多中心研究的一部分，该研究涉及 6 个国家的 14 个不同的医疗中心。总共有 1040 名 DSD 患者参与了患者报告的结果调查问卷，询问有关 DSD 护理中心理支持的经验和意见。大多数参与者报告说，他们在童年和/或青春期（70.6%，= 692）或成年期（67.9%，= 661）没有接受过心理支持。 51.3% (= 503) 的人报告在儿童和/或青春期需要心理支持，49.5% (= 482) 的人报告在成年期需要心理支持。大多数人（80.2%；= 718）同意应始终为 DSD 患者提供心理支持的说法。 78.7% (= 697) 的参与者表示，应该为 DSD 儿童的家长提供心理支持。我们的研究结果支持了现有的共识，即心理支持应该成为 DSD 护理的一个组成部分。接受的心理支持和感知的心理支持需求之间的差异表明，患有 DSD 的人在获得心理保健服务方面遇到障碍。因此，应该为儿童、青少年和成人提供社会心理和心理服务，并为 DSD 患者提供终生服务。