The sphenoid bone is an irregular, unpaired, symmetrical bone located in the middle of the anterior skull and is involved in craniofacial growth and development. Since the morphology of Sella turcica (ST) is associated with different craniofacial patterns, this study aimed to investigate if there is a correlation between ST morphology on the one hand and sagittal craniofacial patterns on the other hand. This study was conducted with a convenience sample that included Brazilian individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment. Lateral cephalograms were used to evaluate the calcification pattern and morphology of ST, as well as skeletal class by analyzing the ANB angle. Pearson's chi-square test with Bonferroni post-hoc test was performed to evaluate the association between ST calcification pattern and morphology, and anteroposterior skeletal malocclusion. The established significance level was 0.05. The study collective was comprised of 305 orthodontic patients (178 (58.4 %) female, 127 (41.6 %) male), who had a mean age of 23.2 (±10.6) years. 131 participants (42.9 %) presented skeletal class I, 142 (46.6%) skeletal Class II, and 32 (10.5%) had a skeletal class III. The degree of prognathism of the mandible showed a homogenous distribution within the study collective (91 (29.9 %) orthognathic, 100 (32.9 %) retrognathic, 113 (37.2 %) prognathic mandible). Concerning the maxilla, 92 (30.2%) individuals presented an orthognathic upper jaw, whereas 60 (19.7%) showed maxillary retrognathism and 153 (50.2%) maxillary prognathism. Compared to patients with skeletal class I, skeletal class III individuals presented significantly more hypertrophic posterior clinoid process (p<0.007) and pyramidal shape of the dorsum of the ST (p<0.038). Our results suggest that the hypertrophic posterior clinoid process and pyramidal shape of the ST dorsum are more prevalent in individuals with skeletal class III malocclusion.

中文翻译：

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蝶鞍的钙化模式和形态与前后位骨骼错牙合相关：一项横断面研究

蝶骨是一块不规则、不成对、对称的骨头，位于前颅骨中部，参与颅面的生长和发育。由于蝶鞍 (ST) 的形态与不同的颅面模式相关，本研究旨在探讨 ST 形态与矢状颅面模式之间是否存在相关性。这项研究是在方便样本的基础上进行的，其中包括接受正畸治疗的巴西个体。使用头颅侧位片评估 ST 的钙化模式和形态，并通过分析 ANB 角度评估骨骼类别。进行 Pearson 卡方检验和 Bonferroni 事后检验，以评估 ST 钙化模式和形态与前后骨错牙合之间的关联。确定的显着性水平为 0.05。研究集体由 305 名正畸患者组成（178 名（58.4%）女性，127 名（41.6%）男性），平均年龄为 23.2（±10.6）岁。131 名参与者 (42.9%) 为 I 类骨骼，142 名 (46.6%) 为 II 类骨骼，32 名 (10.5%) 为 III 类骨骼。下颌骨前突的程度在研究群体中表现出均匀分布（91 例（29.9%）正颌，100 例（32.9%）后颌，113 例（37.2%）下颌前突）。就上颌骨而言，92 人（30.2%）存在上颌正颌，60 人（19.7%）存在上颌后缩，153 人（50.2%）存在上颌前突。与骨骼 I 类患者相比，骨骼 III 类个体的后床突明显肥厚（p<0.007），ST 背部呈锥体形状（p<0.038）。我们的结果表明，肥厚的后床突和 ST 背锥体形状在骨性 III 类错牙合畸形个体中更为普遍。