Recent studies reported that strict avoidance of milk products in cow's milk allergy (CMA) affects growth and bone turnover, causing negative calcium balance and changes in bone metabolism. To investigate biochemical parameters to predict bone turnover and its relations with height and weight measurements and nutritional intake. Height, weight, and body mass index z scores were plotted for age according to the World Health Organization. A 3-consecutive day food record was analyzed for nutritional values of foods. The blood levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were determined. The study included 69 controls, 66 children with isolated CMA, and 59 children with multiple food allergy (FA). The z scores for weight, height, and body mass index were lower in isolated CMA and multiple FA groups than controls ( < .001, = .004, and = .002, respectively). The nutritional intakes of protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins B2 and B12, niacin, calcium, and phosphorus were significantly lower in isolated CMA and multiple FA than controls. In infants (≤2 years of age), although blood calcium level was in normal range, it was significantly lower in isolated CMA and multiple FA than in controls ( < .001). In children older than 2 years, PTH level was significantly higher in isolated CMA and multiple FA groups than in controls ( = .003). Our study revealed that children with isolated CMA and multiple FA had a high nutrition gap, growth deceleration, and unbalanced bone metabolism, as illustrated by low blood calcium and elevated PTH levels.

中文翻译：

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牛奶和避免多种食物与婴儿和儿童生长参数的关系

最近的研究报告称，牛奶过敏（CMA）中严格避免奶制品会影响生长和骨转换，导致钙负平衡和骨代谢变化。研究预测骨转换的生化参数及其与身高、体重测量和营养摄入的关系。根据世界卫生组织的数据，根据年龄绘制了身高、体重和体重指数 z 分数。分析连续 3 天的食物记录以了解食物的营养价值。测定血液中钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶、维生素 D 和甲状旁腺激素 (PTH) 的水平。该研究包括 69 名对照者、66 名患有孤立性 CMA 的儿童和 59 名患有多种食物过敏 (FA) 的儿童。单独 CMA 组和多个 FA 组的体重、身高和体重指数 z 得分低于对照组（分别 < .001、= .004 和 = .002）。分离 CMA 和多种 FA 中蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素 B2 和 B12、烟酸、钙和磷的营养摄入量显着低于对照组。在婴儿（≤2 岁）中，虽然血钙水平在正常范围内，但单独 CMA 和多重 FA 中的血钙水平显着低于对照组（< .001）。在 2 岁以上儿童中，单独 CMA 和多个 FA 组的 PTH 水平显着高于对照组 (= .003)。我们的研究表明，患有孤立性 CMA 和多种 FA 的儿童营养缺口大、生长减速和骨代谢不平衡，表现为低血钙和升高的 PTH 水平。