It is expected that mobile parcel lockers (MPLs) will provide more responsive and flexible service to the increasing variation of demand than fixed parcel lockers. However, the service provided by MPLs following planned routes can be degraded and even fail due to the demand uncertainty, such as demand volume and pickup time. In this study, we propose an optimization approach integrated with the recourse strategies to overcome this barrier. Three types of uncertain demands and two types of service failures are addressed in this study, with consideration of uncertain demands and time window constraint. To optimally determine the a priori routes for a set of MPLs, we propose a tailored tabu search algorithm by taking into account the recourse cost. A series of numerical experiments were conducted to examine the effectiveness of the proposed approach in enhancing route reliability with a comparison to ordinary express vehicles. The results reveal that the service reliability can be significantly improved with only a marginal increase in the operational cost by the proposed approach.

中文翻译：

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不确定需求下带时间窗的移动包裹柜路径问题的追索策略

预计移动包裹储物柜 (MPL) 将为日益变化的需求提供比固定包裹储物柜更灵敏、更灵活的服务。然而，由于需求量和取货时间等需求不确定性，MPL 按照计划路线提供的服务可能会降低甚至失败。在本研究中，我们提出了一种与资源策略相结合的优化方法来克服这一障碍。本研究考虑了不确定需求和时间窗口约束，解决了三种类型的不确定需求和两种类型的服务失败。为了最优地确定一组 MPL 的先验路线，我们提出了一种考虑资源成本的定制禁忌搜索算法。进行了一系列数值实验，与普通快车进行比较，以检验所提出的方法在提高路线可靠性方面的有效性。结果表明，通过所提出的方法，可以显着提高服务可靠性，而运营成本仅略有增加。