At the cell surface, the actin cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane interact reciprocally in a variety of processes related to the remodeling of the cell surface. The actin cytoskeleton has been known to modulate membrane organization and reshape the membrane. To this end, actin-membrane linking molecules play a major role in regulating actin assembly and spatially direct the interaction between the actin cytoskeleton and the membrane. While studies in cells have provided a wealth of knowledge on the molecular composition and interactions of the actin-membrane interface, the complex molecular interactions make it challenging to elucidate the precise actions of the actin-membrane linkers at the interface. Synthetic reconstituted systems, consisting of model membranes and purified proteins, have been a powerful approach to elucidate how actin-membrane linkers direct actin assembly to drive membrane shape changes. In this review, we will focus only on several actin-membrane linkers that have been studied by using reconstitution systems. We will discuss the design principles of these reconstitution systems and how they have contributed to the understanding of the cellular functions of actin-membrane linkers. Finally, we will provide a perspective on future research directions in understanding the intricate actin-membrane interaction.

中文翻译：

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肌动蛋白膜连接器：来自合成重组系统的见解

在细胞表面，肌动蛋白细胞骨架和质膜在与细胞表面重塑相关的各种过程中相互作用。已知肌动蛋白细胞骨架可以调节膜组织并重塑膜。为此，肌动蛋白-膜连接分子在调节肌动蛋白组装和空间指导肌动蛋白细胞骨架与膜之间的相互作用方面发挥着重要作用。虽然细胞研究提供了关于肌动蛋白-膜界面的分子组成和相互作用的丰富知识，但复杂的分子相互作用使得阐明界面上肌动蛋白-膜连接体的精确作用具有挑战性。由模型膜和纯化蛋白质组成的合成重建系统是阐明肌动蛋白-膜连接体如何指导肌动蛋白组装以驱动膜形状变化的有效方法。在这篇综述中，我们将仅关注使用重构系统研究的几种肌动蛋白膜连接子。我们将讨论这些重构系统的设计原理以及它们如何有助于理解肌动蛋白膜连接体的细胞功能。最后，我们将为理解复杂的肌动蛋白-膜相互作用的未来研究方向提供一个视角。