The mesocarp (albedo) of passion fruit is considered a waste product but rich in soluble fibers, especially pectins. Biological activity and health benefits of pectins have recently emerged, especially in colorectal cancer and attenuating inflammation. Pectin conventional extraction often uses mineral acids, which can be hazardous to the environment, and alternatives can be costly. Here, we assessed a high-temperature and pressure method to extract pectin from the passion fruit albedo and evaluated the differences from the water-soluble fractions extracted. HPSEC, HPAEC, FTIR-ATR, and HSQC-NMR were performed to identify and confirm the highly methylated homogalacturonan structures. The heat-modified samples showed a decreased molecular size compared to the untreated sample. Colorectal cancer cell lines showed reduced viability after being treated with different doses of modified samples, with two of them, LW-MP3 and 4, showing the most potent effects. All samples were detected inside cells by immunofluorescence assay. It was observed that LW-MP3 and 4 upregulated the p53 protein, indicating cell-cycle arrest and the cleaved caspase-9 in one of the cell lines, with LW-MP4 enhancing cell death by apoptosis. Since the modified samples were composed of hydrolyzed homogalacturonans, those probably were the responsible structures for these anti-cancer effects.

中文翻译：

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百香果中果皮高温高压提取生物活性水溶性多糖的评价

百香果的中果皮（反照率）被认为是废物，但富含可溶性纤维，尤其是果胶。果胶的生物活性和健康益处最近已经显现，特别是在结直肠癌和减轻炎症方面。果胶的传统提取通常使用无机酸，这对环境有害，而且替代品成本高昂。在这里，我们评估了从百香果反照率中提取果胶的高温高压方法，并评估了提取的水溶性组分的差异。通过 HPSEC、HPAEC、FTIR-ATR 和 HSQC-NMR 来鉴定和确认高度甲基化的同型半乳糖醛酸结构。与未处理的样品相比，热改性的样品显示出分子尺寸减小。结直肠癌细胞系在用不同剂量的修饰样品处理后表现出活力降低，其中两种，LW-MP3和4，显示出最有效的效果。所有样品均通过免疫荧光测定在细胞内进行检测。据观察，LW-MP3 和 4 上调 p53 蛋白，表明其中一种细胞系出现细胞周期停滞和 caspase-9 裂解，而 LW-MP4 则通过细胞凋亡增强细胞死亡。由于修饰后的样品由水解的同型半乳糖醛酸组成，因此这些可能是产生这些抗癌作用的结构。