Some evidence has indicated that monkeypox can induce a cytokine storm. Purinergic signaling is a cell pathway related to the cytokine storm. However, the precise mechanisms that lead to cytokine storms in monkeypox infections and the possible involvement of purinergic signaling in the immune response to this virus remain unknown. In this review article, we aimed to highlight a body of scientific evidence that consolidates the role of the cytokine storm in monkeypox infection and proposes a new hypothesis regarding the roles of purinergic signaling in this immune-mediated mechanism. We further suggested some purinergic signaling modulators to mitigate the deleterious and aggravating effects of immune dysregulation in human monkeypox virus infection by inhibiting P2X3, P2X7, P2Y2, and P2Y12, reducing inflammation, and activating A1 and A2A receptors to promote an anti-inflammatory response.

中文翻译：

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人类猴痘中的细胞因子风暴：嘌呤能信号传导可能参与其中

一些证据表明猴痘可以引发细胞因子风暴。嘌呤能信号传导是与细胞因子风暴相关的细胞途径。然而，导致猴痘感染中细胞因子风暴的确切机制以及嘌呤能信号在对该病毒的免疫反应中的可能参与仍然未知。在这篇综述文章中，我们旨在强调一系列科学证据，这些证据巩固了细胞因子风暴在猴痘感染中的作用，并提出了关于嘌呤能信号在这种免疫介导机制中的作用的新假设。我们进一步提出了一些嘌呤能信号调节剂，通过抑制 P2X3、P2X7、P2Y2 和 P2Y12，减少炎症，并激活 A1 和 A2A 受体以促进抗炎反应，减轻人猴痘病毒感染中免疫失调的有害和加重影响。