Climate refugia, areas where climate is expected to remain relatively stable, can offer a near‐term safe haven for species sensitive to warming temperatures and drought. Understanding the influence of temperature, moisture, and disturbance on sensitive species is critical during this time of rapid climate change. Coastal habitats can serve as important refugia. Many of these areas consist of working forestlands, and there is a growing recognition that conservation efforts worldwide must consider the habitat value of working lands, in addition to protected areas, to effectively manage large landscapes that support biodiversity. The sensitivity of forest bats to climate and habitat disturbance makes them a useful indicator taxon. We tested how microclimate and forest management influence habitat use for 13 species of insectivorous bats in a large climate refugium in a global biodiversity hotspot. We examined whether bat activity during the summer dry season is greater in forests where coastal fog provides moisture and more stable temperatures across both protected mature stands and those regularly logged. Acoustic monitoring was conducted at a landscape scale with 20 study sites, and generalized linear mixed models were used to examine the influence of habitat variables. Six species were positively associated with warmer nighttime temperature, and 5 species had a negative relationship with humidity or a positive relationship with climatic moisture deficit. Our results suggest that these mammals may have greater climate adaptive capacity than expected, and, for now, that habitat use may be more related to optimal foraging conditions than to avoidance of warming temperatures and drought. We also determined that 12 of the 13 regionally present bat species were regularly detected in commercial timberland stands. Because forest bats are highly mobile, forage over long distances, and frequently change roosts, the stewardship of working forests must be addressed to protect these species.

中文翻译：

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面临全球变化的小气候和森林管理对蝙蝠物种的影响

气候保护区是气候预计保持相对稳定的地区，可以为对气温升高和干旱敏感的物种提供近期的安全港。在气候快速变化的时期，了解温度、湿度和干扰对敏感物种的影响至关重要。沿海栖息地可以作为重要的避难所。其中许多地区由工作林地组成，人们越来越认识到，除了保护区外，全世界的保护工作还必须考虑工作林地的栖息地价值，以有效管理支持生物多样性的大片景观。森林蝙蝠对气候和栖息地干扰的敏感性使它们成为有用的指示类群。我们在全球生物多样性热点地区的大型气候保护区内测试了小气候和森林管理如何影响 13 种食虫蝙蝠的栖息地利用。我们研究了夏季旱季期间蝙蝠的活动是否在森林中更频繁，因为沿海雾为受保护的成熟林和定期砍伐的林提供了水分和更稳定的温度。在 20 个研究地点的景观尺度上进行声学监测，并使用广义线性混合模型来检查栖息地变量的影响。6 个物种与较温暖的夜间温度呈正相关，5 个物种与湿度呈负相关或与气候水分亏缺呈正相关。我们的研究结果表明，这些哺乳动物可能具有比预期更强的气候适应能力，而且就目前而言，栖息地的利用可能与最佳觅食条件更相关，而不是与避免气温升高和干旱有关。我们还确定，该地区存在的 13 种蝙蝠物种中，有 12 种经常在商业林地中被发现。由于森林蝙蝠具有高度流动性、远距离觅食并且经常更换栖息地，因此必须解决工作森林的管理问题以保护这些物种。