Information and communication technology (ICT) threats, involving malicious use of ICTs, pose substantial risks to global security and stability. These threats, emanating from State and non-State actors, endanger economic growth, societal well-being, and human safety. The existing international legal framework struggles to adequately confront these challenges, resulting in issues concerning State sovereignty, cyber-attacks on critical infrastructure, and the emergence of cyberspace sovereignty. Cyber-attacks targeting key infrastructure can undermine sovereignty by aiding another State’s territorial control. The enforcement of cyberspace legislation, whether regional or intra-State, can infringe upon other States’ sovereignty due to cross-border repercussions. Despite the presence of numerous international and regional regulations, enforcement remains lacking. The concept of cyberspace sovereignty has arisen with technological advancements, signifying a need for digital realm sovereignty. Yet, this form of sovereignty is narrower compared to territorial sovereignty. This article delves into the nexus between international law, State sovereignty, and ICT threats, along with the progression of cyberspace sovereignty. Through qualitative analysis of primary and secondary sources, it examines the application of existing international law in the digital landscape. By scrutinizing these intricacies, the paper endeavors to comprehend the contemporary challenges posed to international law and explore potential resolutions.

中文翻译：

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国际法与网络空间的相互作用：国家主权侵犯、域外影响和网络主权范式

涉及恶意使用信息通信技术（ICT）的威胁对全球安全与稳定构成重大风险。这些来自国家和非国家行为者的威胁危及经济增长、社会福祉和人类安全。现有的国际法律框架难以充分应对这些挑战，导致涉及国家主权、对关键基础设施的网络攻击以及网络空间主权的出现等问题。针对关键基础设施的网络攻击可能会帮助另一个国家控制领土，从而损害主权。网络空间立法的执行，无论是区域性的还是国家内部的，都可能因跨境影响而侵犯其他国家的主权。尽管存在大量国际和地区法规，但执行力度仍然不足。网络空间主权的概念是随着技术的进步而出现的，这意味着数字领域主权的需要。然而，与领土主权相比，这种形式的主权范围较窄。本文深入探讨了国际法、国家主权和信息通信技术威胁之间的关系以及网络空间主权的发展。通过对主要和次要来源的定性分析，它考察了现有国际法在数字领域的应用。通过审视这些错综复杂的问题，本文致力于理解国际法面临的当代挑战并探索潜在的解决方案。