The primary objective of this study was to systematically investigate the physiological and physical fitness adaptations resulting from small-sided games (SSGs) training programs in basketball players competing at youth competitive levels, as compared to other training approaches and/or control groups. To achieve this, we conducted a literature search on PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. From the initial 626 studies retrieved, five were considered eligible for the current study. Among the five included articles, four conducted comparisons between the effects of SSGs and running-based high-intensity interval training. Regarding this, the four studies revealed a significant improvement in the final velocity during the 30–15 Intermittent Fitness Test, ranging from 4.07% to 7.29% following SSG-based interventions. This improvement was not significantly different from the comparator group. Additionally, two studies indicated that the SSGs group showed a significant advantage in change-of-direction time, with improvements ranging from −2.11% to 6.69% after interventions, and these results were not significantly different from the comparator group. However, the effects on repeated sprint ability yielded contradictory findings; two studies reported significant improvements ranging from −5.00% to −2.16%, while two others did not show significant effects following SSGs-based interventions. Similarly, in the linear sprint, the results of SSGs-based interventions were inconsistent. In summary, based on the available research, it can be concluded that SSG-based training is effective in significantly enhancing aerobic performance and change of direction, comparable to alternative approaches. However, the effects on repeated sprint ability and sprint performance are not consistently demonstrated.

中文翻译：

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小场比赛训练计划对青少年篮球运动员生理和身体适应的影响：系统评价

本研究的主要目的是系统地研究与其他训练方法和/或对照组相比，青少年篮球运动员在小场比赛（SSG）训练计划中所产生的生理和身体素质适应情况。为了实现这一目标，我们遵循系统评价和荟萃分析指南的首选报告项目，在 PubMed、Scopus、SPORTDiscus 和 Web of Science 上进行了文献检索。从最初检索到的 626 项研究中，有 5 项被认为符合当前研究的条件。在纳入的五篇文章中，四篇对 SSG 和基于跑步的高强度间歇训练的效果进行了比较。关于这一点，四项研究表明，在基于 SSG 的干预措施后，30-15 次间歇体能测试期间的最终速度显着提高，范围从 4.07% 到 7.29%。这种改善与比较组没有显着差异。此外，两项研究表明，SSGs 组在改变方向时间方面表现出显着优势，干预后改善范围为 -2.11% 至 6.69%，且这些结果与对照组没有显着差异。然而，对重复冲刺能力的影响却得出了相互矛盾的结果。两项研究报告了从 -5.00% 到 -2.16% 的显着改善，而另外两项研究在基于 SSG 的干预措施后并未显示出显着效果。同样，在线性冲刺中，基于 SSG 的干预结果也不一致。总之，根据现有的研究，可以得出结论，与其他方法相比，基于 SSG 的训练可以有效地显着提高有氧运动表现和方向改变。然而，对重复冲刺能力和冲刺表现的影响并未得到一致证明。