Introduction: This study evaluated drivers’ delays and yields when making right turns at the onset of a circular green traffic signal, in response to pedestrian behaviors, during daylight and at night with streetlamp lighting, in urban and suburban locations. Methods: Researchers conducted trials at three intersections, two typical urban and one typical suburban intersection. Driver movement data were collected (N = 302) in three conditions: no pedestrian present (control); a pedestrian displaying a cane; and a pedestrian flagging a cane. Driver delay was recorded in seconds from the onset of the green traffic signal to when the vehicle crossed the middle of the width of the pedestrian's crosswalk. Results: The primary result was that there are no statistical differences between day and night driver delay. Secondarily, statistically significant differences were found for urban versus suburban drivers when flagging the cane versus displaying the cane, with urban sites and flagging a cane garnering greater delays. Yield calculations, based on the time required for a pedestrian to nearly clear the first half of the crosswalk, confirmed the patterns of drivers’ behaviors. Discussion: Authors anticipated negative effects on yielding in nighttime lower-light environments; however, there was similar driver delay and yields compared to daylight hours. Greater driver delay and yields, for flagging a cane and at urban settings, confirmed the results in previous studies. Implications for Practitioners: When assessing travel options, informed pedestrians and orientation and mobility specialists can consider the effectiveness of active cane techniques to increase the likelihood of yields from turning drivers, even at night where streetlamp lighting is the source of illumination. When instructing cane techniques for use at crosswalks, specialists can consider the options for mitigating risk when crossing typical streets in urban and suburban areas.

中文翻译：

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在弱光信号交叉口将司机转向拄着拐杖的行人的让行行为

简介：本研究评估了在城市和郊区的白天和夜间路灯照明下，驾驶员在圆形绿色交通信号灯出现时右转时的延误和让行情况，以响应行人的行为。方法：研究人员在三个十字路口（两个典型的城市十字路口和一个典型的郊区十字路口）进行了试验。在三种情况下收集驾驶员运动数据 (N = 302)：没有行人在场（对照）；拄着拐杖的行人；和一个拄着拐杖的行人。从绿色交通信号灯出现到车辆穿过人行横道宽度的中间，司机的延误记录以秒为单位。结果：主要结果是白天和夜间司机延误之间没有统计差异。其次，在标记手杖和展示手杖时，城市和郊区司机之间存在统计学上的显着差异，城市地点和标记手杖会导致更大的延误。根据行人几乎通过人行横道前半部分所需的时间进行产量计算，证实了驾驶员的行为模式。讨论：作者预计夜间弱光环境会对产量产生负面影响；然而，与白天相比，司机的延误和产量相似。在城市环境中，由于挥舞手杖，司机会出现更大的延误和屈服，这证实了之前研究的结果。对从业者的启示：在评估出行选择时，知情的行人以及定向和行动专家可以考虑主动拐杖技术的有效性，以提高转弯司机的收益可能性，即使在夜间以路灯为照明源的情况下也是如此。在指导在人行横道上使用手杖技术时，专家可以考虑在穿过城市和郊区典型街道时减轻风险的选择。