Sporting contests are designed to elicit an effort from contestants. Well-designed contests have beneficial behavioral responses of competitors such as increased effort which results in higher quality of competition. However, poorly designed contests may not reward the best competitor or may elicit unethical behaviors. This article reviews the literature on sporting contest design, paying particular attention to empirical studies over the last 20 years. Topic areas include different contest designs in a single sport, scheduling of contests and individual games, contest rule changes and game rule changes, and unintended behavioral consequences of sporting contest design.

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对体育竞赛设计的行为反应：文献综述

体育比赛的目的是激发参赛者的努力。精心设计的比赛会对参赛者产生有益的行为反应，例如增加努力程度，从而提高比赛质量。然而，设计不当的比赛可能不会奖励最好的竞争对手，或者可能引发不道德的行为。本文回顾了体育竞赛设计的文献，特别关注过去 20 年的实证研究。主题领域包括单项运动中的不同比赛设计、比赛和单项比赛的安排、比赛规则的变化和比赛规则的变化，以及体育比赛设计的意外行为后果。