Significant high-quality heat is wasted in the vacuum thermionic generator (VTIG), which can be efficiently utilized as a prime mover of a bottoming system for cogeneration applications. For this purpose, a new environmental-friendly hybrid system composed of a heliostat solar field, VTIG, and looped multi-stage thermoacoustically driven cryocooler (LMTC) is established, in which the high-temperature heat source of the solar receiver runs the VTIG to generate power, and the LMTC recovers the waste heat of the VTIG to produce a cooling load. Thermodynamic, economic, and environmental analyses of the system are carried out based on exergy and emergy concepts. Moreover, a parametric study is performed to assess the effect of design parameters on the system's thermodynamic, economic, and environmental criteria. Finally, the multi-criteria salp swarm optimization algorithm and decision-making procedures are conducted to improve the exergetic performance and decrease the system's cost and monetary emergy rates along with the environmental impact and ecological emergy rate. Findings depict that at the reliable, optimal operation of the system, the exergetic efficiency can reach 29.36% with a maximum power of 17.2 MW and cooling load of 0.260 MW. The system's cost and monetary emergy rate can be reduced to 0.059 $/s and 5.94 × 1010 seJ/s, with 10.6% and 10% reductions, respectively. Moreover, the environmental impact and ecological emergy rates decline by 6% and 7.4%, respectively. The theoretical findings may offer guidance for the optimum designing and practical running of such a solar solid-state cogeneration system.

中文翻译：

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混合太阳能驱动真空热离子发生器和环形多级热声驱动制冷器系统：基于火能和能值的分析和优化

真空热离子发生器 (VTIG) 浪费了大量的高质量热量，而该发生器可以有效地用作热电联产应用底部系统的原动机。为此，建立了一种由定日镜太阳能场、VTIG和环形多级热声驱动制冷机（LMTC）组成的新型环保混合系统，其中太阳能接收器的高温热源运行VTIG以发电，LMTC 回收 VTIG 的废热以产生冷负荷。系统的热力学、经济和环境分析是基于火用和能值概念进行的。此外，还进行了参数研究，以评估设计参数对系统热力学、经济和环境标准的影响。最后，采用多标准樽海鞘群优化算法和决策程序来提高能能性能，降低系统成本和货币能值率以及环境影响和生态能值率。结果表明，系统可靠、优化运行时，火能效率可达29.36%，最大功率17.2MW，冷负荷0.260MW。该系统的成本和货币能值率可降低至0.059 $/s和5.94×1010 seJ/s，分别降低10.6%和10%。此外，环境影响和生态能值率分别下降6%和7.4%。理论研究结果可为太阳能固态热电联产系统的优化设计和实际运行提供指导。