In the clinic, inactivation of osteosarcoma using microwave ablation would damage the periosteum, resulting in frequent postoperative complications. Therefore, the development of an artificial periosteum is crucial for postoperative healing. In this study, we prepared an artificial periosteum using silk fibroin (SF) loaded with stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) to accelerate bone remodeling after the microwave ablation of osteosarcoma. The prepared artificial periosteum showed a sustained release of SDF-1α and CGRP after 14 days of immersion. In vitro culture of rat periosteal stem cells (rPDSCs) demonstrated that the artificial periosteum is favorable for cell recruitment, the activity of alkaline phosphatase, and bone-related gene expression. Furthermore, the artificial periosteum improved the tube formation and angiogenesis-related gene expression of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In an animal study, the periosteum in the femur of a rabbit was inactivated through microwave ablation and then removed. The damaged periosteum was replaced with the as-prepared artificial periosteum and favored bone regeneration. In all, the designed dual-factor-loaded artificial periosteum is a promising strategy to replace the damaged periosteum in the therapy of osteosarcoma for a better bone-rebuilding process.

中文翻译：

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双因子负载人工骨膜加速骨再生

临床上采用微波消融灭活骨肉瘤会损伤骨膜，导致术后并发症频发。因此，人工骨膜的发育对于术后愈合至关重要。在本研究中，我们利用丝素蛋白（SF）制备了负载基质细胞衍生因子1α（SDF-1α）和降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）的人工骨膜，以加速骨肉瘤微波消融后的骨重塑。制备的人工骨膜在浸泡14天后显示出SDF-1α和CGRP的持续释放。大鼠骨膜干细胞（rPDSC）的体外培养表明，人工骨膜有利于细胞募集、碱性磷酸酶活性和骨相关基因表达。此外，人工骨膜改善了人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）的管形成和血管生成相关基因表达。在一项动物研究中，通过微波消融使兔子股骨中的骨膜失活，然后将其去除。用制备好的人工骨膜替代受损的骨膜，有利于骨再生。总而言之，所设计的双因子负载人工骨膜是一种很有前途的策略，可以在骨肉瘤治疗中替代受损的骨膜，以实现更好的骨重建过程。