In this paper, we present a rapid and straightforward method for producing graphene material in the liquid phase using a high-power-density ultrasonication technique. The graphene exfoliation process was considered with varying ultrasonication times, ranging from 1 to 5 h. The obtained results indicated that graphene nanoflakes, exfoliated under a power density of 1600 W/L for a short duration (5 h), exhibited a thickness of fewer than 10 layers, with an average flake size of ~ 300 nm. The production yield measured 30.6 mg h⁻¹, and the dispersed concentration reached 0.459 mg ml⁻¹. Furthermore, the exfoliated graphene nanoflakes displayed remarkable stability, as evidenced by a zeta potential value exceeding 30 mV. The resulting graphene material was used directly as a reinforcing element in nickel electroplating without the need for any additional surface modification steps. The results demonstrated a significant 53% increase in microhardness compared to the nickel coating. Structural characterizations of the few-layers graphene and nanocomposite coatings were elaborately investigated and presented.

在本文中，我们提出了一种使用高功率密度超声技术在液相中快速、直接生产石墨烯材料的方法。石墨烯剥离过程考虑了不同的超声波处理时间，范围从 1 到 5 小时。所得结果表明，在1600 W/L的功率密度下短时间（5小时）剥离的石墨烯纳米薄片的厚度小于10层，平均薄片尺寸约为300 nm。测得产量为30.6mg h ^-1，分散浓度达到0.459mg ml ^-1。此外，剥离的石墨烯纳米片表现出显着的稳定性，zeta 电位值超过 30 mV。所得石墨烯材料直接用作镍电镀中的增强元件，无需任何额外的表面改性步骤。结果表明，与镍涂层相比，显微硬度显着提高了 53%。对少层石墨烯和纳米复合涂层的结构特征进行了详细研究和介绍。