The health benefits of exercise training in a cancer setting are increasingly acknowledged; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. It has been suggested that extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from contracting skeletal muscles play a key role in mediating the systemic benefits of exercise by transporting bioactive molecules, including myokines. Nevertheless, skeletal muscle-derived vesicles account for only about 5% of plasma EVs, with the immune cells making the largest contribution. Moreover, it remains unclear whether the contribution of skeletal muscle-derived EVs increases after physical exercise or how muscle contraction modulates the secretory activity of other tissues and thus influences the content and profile of circulating EVs. Furthermore, the destination of EVs after exercise is unknown, and it depends on their molecular composition, particularly adhesion proteins. The cargo of EVs is influenced by the training program, with acute training sessions having a greater impact than chronic adaptations. Indeed, there are numerous questions regarding the role of EVs in mediating the effects of exercise, the clarification of which is critical for tailoring exercise training prescriptions and designing exercise mimetics for patients unable to engage in exercise programs. This review critically analyzes the current knowledge on the effects of exercise on the content and molecular composition of circulating EVs and their impact on cancer progression.

人们越来越认识到运动训练对癌症患者的健康益处；然而，人们对潜在的分子机制仍知之甚少。有人认为，收缩骨骼肌释放的细胞外囊泡（EV）通过运输包括肌因子在内的生物活性分子，在调节运动的全身益处方面发挥着关键作用。然而，骨骼肌来源的囊泡仅占血浆 EV 的 5% 左右，其中免疫细胞的贡献最大。此外，目前尚不清楚体育锻炼后骨骼肌来源的 EV 的贡献是否会增加，或者肌肉收缩如何调节其他组织的分泌活动，从而影响循环 EV 的含量和概况。此外，运动后 EV 的目的地尚不清楚，这取决于它们的分子组成，特别是粘附蛋白。电动汽车的货物受到训练计划的影响，急性训练比长期适应的影响更大。事实上，关于电动汽车在调节运动效果中的作用存在许多问题，澄清这些问题对于为无法参加运动计划的患者定制运动训练处方和设计运动模拟至关重要。这篇综述批判性地分析了当前关于运动对循环 EV 的含量和分子组成的影响及其对癌症进展的影响的知识。