Long-term cognitive decline after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is still poorly understood. This study describes long-term observer-reported cognitive decline among Danish OHCA survivors, including differences in years since the event, and investigates characteristics and self-reported outcomes associated with observer-reported cognitive decline. Adults who survived an OHCA from 2016 to 2019, and their relatives, completed the national DANish Cardiac Arrest Survivorship survey. Relatives completed the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly, Cardiac Arrest version (IQCODE-CA), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the World Health Organisation-Five Well-being index; and survivors completed the Two Simple Questions (everyday activities and mental recovery), the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, HADS, and the Short World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Potential associations between survivor characteristics and the IQCODE-CA were investigated using a multivariable logistic regression model. Self-reported outcomes among survivors and relatives, and the association with IQCODE-CA scores were investigated using separate logistic regression models. Total median IQCODE-CA score was 3.04 (IQR: 3.00–3.27), with 47% having possible cognitive decline (score ≥ 3.04), consistent across time groups. Increasing age (OR 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97–0.99) and worse self-reported mental and physical outcomes for survivors and relatives, except ‘everyday activities’ were significantly associated with possible cognitive decline among survivors. Nearly half of OHCA survivors may suffer long-term cognitive decline. Worse self-reported mental and physical outcomes among survivors and their relatives are associated with potential cognitive decline emphasising the need for post-OHCA care to include systematic neurocognitive assessment, tailored support and effective rehabilitation.

中文翻译：

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观察者报告的院外心脏骤停幸存者认知能力下降及其与长期幸存者和相关结果的关系

院外心脏骤停（OHCA）后的长期认知能力下降仍然知之甚少。本研究描述了丹麦 OHCA 幸存者中观察者报告的长期认知衰退，包括事件发生后的年份差异，并调查了与观察者报告的认知衰退相关的特征和自我报告的结果。 2016 年至 2019 年 OHCA 幸存者及其亲属完成了全国 DANish 心脏骤停幸存者调查。亲属完成了老年人认知衰退、心脏骤停版本的知情人调查问卷（IQCODE-CA）、医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HADS）以及世界卫生组织五福祉指数；幸存者完成了两个简单问题（日常活动和心理恢复）、改良疲劳影响量表、HADS 和世界卫生组织残疾评估简表 2.0。使用多变量逻辑回归模型研究了幸存者特征与 IQCODE-CA 之间的潜在关联。使用单独的逻辑回归模型对幸存者和亲属的自我报告结果以及与 IQCODE-CA 评分的关联进行了调查。 IQCODE-CA 总中位数为 3.04（IQR：3.00-3.27），其中 47% 的人可能存在认知能力下降（分数≥3.04），各时间组的情况一致。幸存者及其亲属的年龄增长（OR 0.98，95% CI：0.97-0.99）以及自我报告的心理和身体结果较差（“日常活动”除外）与幸存者可能的认知能力下降显着相关。近一半的 OHCA 幸存者可能会遭受长期认知能力下降。幸存者及其亲属自我报告的更糟糕的心理和身体结果与潜在的认知能力下降有关，这强调了 OHCA 后护理的需要，包括系统的神经认知评估、量身定制的支持和有效的康复。