While the endoscopic management of surgical complications like leaks, fistulas, and perforations is rapidly evolving, its core principles revolve around closure, drainage, and containment. Effectively managing these conditions relies on several factors, such as the underlying cause, chronicity of the lesion, tissue viability, co-morbidities, availability of devices, and expertise required to perform the endoscopy. In contrast to acute perforation, fistulas and leaks often demand a multimodal approach requiring more than one session to achieve the required results. Although the ultimate goal is complete resolution, these endoscopic interventions can provide clinical stability, enabling enteral feeding to lead to early hospital discharge or elective surgery. In this discussion, we emphasize the current state of knowledge and the prospective role of endoscopic interventions in managing surgical complications.

中文翻译：

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手术并发症的内镜治疗

虽然渗漏、瘘管和穿孔等手术并发症的内镜治疗正在迅速发展，但其核心原则围绕闭合、引流和遏制。有效管理这些病症取决于多种因素，例如根本原因、病变的长期性、组织活力、合并症、设备的可用性以及进行内窥镜检查所需的专业知识。与急性穿孔相比，瘘管和渗漏通常需要采用多模式方法，需要多次治疗才能达到所需的结果。尽管最终目标是完全解决，但这些内窥镜干预措施可以提供临床稳定性，使肠内喂养能够导致早期出院或择期手术。在本次讨论中，我们强调内窥镜干预在控制手术并发症中的当前知识状况和前瞻性作用。