To investigate ethnic disparities in risk of gestational diabetes-mellitus (GDM) and future diabetes. A population-based retrospective cohort study of women who underwent a 100-g oral glucose-tolerance-test (oGTT) during pregnancy between 2007 and 2017 in Clalit-Health-Services of the Jerusalem district. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to compare the risk of GDM in Arab versus Jewish women. Further, Cox-regression analysis was used to establish the risk of future diabetes. A total of 9875 women, 71 % of Jewish ethnicity and 29 % of Arab ethnicity were included. Arab women had a higher incidence of GDM compared to Jewish women (17.3 % vs. 10.6 %, < 0.001), which persisted after adjusting for age, BMI, and metabolic profile (aOR 1.7; CI 1.48–2.0, < 0.001). Additionally, Arab ethnicity was associated with an increased risk of future diabetes, even after adjusting for GDM status (aHR 5.9; 95 % CI 3.7–9.4, P < 0.001). Women of Arab ethnicity have a higher risk for both GDM and future diabetes, a risk that is beyond the initial increased risk associated with GDM. These findings highlight the need for increased focus on preventing diabetes in women of Arab ethnicity, especially those with a history of GDM.

中文翻译：

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多种族人群中妊娠期糖尿病和未来患糖尿病的风险

调查妊娠糖尿病 (GDM) 和未来糖尿病风险的种族差异。这是一项基于人群的回顾性队列研究，研究对象为 2007 年至 2017 年间在耶路撒冷地区 Clalit 健康服务中心接受 100 克口服葡萄糖耐量试验 (oGTT) 的女性。使用单变量和多变量逻辑回归分析来比较阿拉伯和犹太女性患 GDM 的风险。此外，Cox 回归分析用于确定未来患糖尿病的风险。共有 9875 名女性，其中 71% 为犹太裔，29% 为阿拉伯裔。与犹太女性相比，阿拉伯女性的 GDM 发病率较高（17.3% vs. 10.6%，< 0.001），在调整年龄、BMI 和代谢特征后，这种情况仍然存在（aOR 1.7；CI 1.48–2.0，< 0.001）。此外，即使在调整 GDM 状态后，阿拉伯种族也与未来患糖尿病的风险增加相关（aHR 5.9；95% CI 3.7–9.4，P < 0.001）。阿拉伯族女性患 GDM 和未来糖尿病的风险较高，这一风险超出了与 GDM 相关的最初增加的风险。这些发现强调需要更加关注阿拉伯族裔女性，尤其是有 GDM 病史的女性的糖尿病预防。