Phytochemical study on , a common ornamental plant, resulted in the identification of thirteen new -rosane diterpenoids (–), three new -atisane diterpenoids (–), and a known -rosane (). Their structures were delineated using spectroscopic data, quantum chemical calculations, and X-ray diffraction experiments. Euphomilone F () represented a rare -rosane-type diterpenoid with a 5/7/6 skeleton. Euphoainoid G () was a rare rosane diterpenic acid. Compounds and carried infrequent tetrahydrofuran rings, and compounds – was 18---rosane diterpenoids. All isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on RANKL-induced osteoclasts. Notably, compounds with aromatic ester groups (–) showed promising activities (IC < 10 μM), underscoring the significance of acylated A-ring moieties in the -rosane skeleton for anti-osteoclastogenesis. Thirteen synthetic derivatives were obtained through esterification of . Of these, compound exhibited remarkable improvement, with an IC of 0.8 μM, more than a 12-fold increase in potency compared to the parent compound (IC > 10 μM). This work presents a series of new -rosane diterpenoids with potential antiosteoporosis agents.

中文翻译：

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大戟二萜的鉴定和结构修饰抑制 RANKL 诱导的破骨细胞生成

对常见观赏植物 的植物化学研究，鉴定出 13 种新的 β-玫瑰烷二萜 (-)、三种新的 β-阿提烷二萜 (-) 和一种已知的 β-玫瑰烷 ()。利用光谱数据、量子化学计算和 X 射线衍射实验描绘了它们的结构。 Euphomilone F ()代表一种罕见的具有5/7/6骨架的β-玫瑰烷型二萜类化合物。 Euphoainoid G () 是一种罕见的玫瑰烷二萜酸。化合物中带有罕见的四氢呋喃环，化合物为18---玫瑰烷二萜。评估所有分离株对 RANKL 诱导的破骨细胞的抑制作用。值得注意的是，具有芳香酯基团 (-) 的化合物显示出有前景的活性 (IC < 10 μM)，强调了 -rosane 骨架中酰化的 A 环部分对于抗破骨细胞生成的重要性。通过酯化反应得到13种合成衍生物。其中，化合物表现出显着的改进，IC 值为 0.8 μM，与母体化合物相比，效力提高了 12 倍以上 (IC > 10 μM)。这项工作提出了一系列具有潜在抗骨质疏松剂的新型β-玫瑰烷二萜类化合物。