This study examines the relationship between the presence of women in board of directors and environmental innovation and the moderating role of the cultural context in terms of gender inequality through the lens of Social Identity Theory. We measured the presence of women directors as board gender diversity, presence of only one woman director and presence of at least three women directors. We measured environmental innovation using environmental patents, also distinguishing among Air Pollution, Solid Waste, and Water Pollution. The sample consists of 2453 manufacturing firms operating in Spain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Germany. The Multiple Linear Regression Poisson models performed suggest that the presence of women directors do not affect or reduce environmental innovation, while gender inequality in the cultural context plays a negative moderating role. This study contributes to literature as it clarifies the previous contradictory results and investigates the moderating role of the cultural context.

中文翻译：

---

文化背景在调节女性董事的存在与公司环境创新之间的影响中的作用

本研究通过社会认同理论的视角，探讨了董事会中女性的存在与环境创新之间的关系，以及文化背景在性别不平等方面的调节作用。我们衡量了女性董事的存在情况，包括董事会性别多样性、仅存在一名女性董事和至少存在三名女性董事。我们使用环境专利来衡量环境创新，还区分了空气污染、固体废物和水污染。该样本由分布在西班牙、法国、意大利、荷兰和德国的 2453 家制造公司组成。执行的多元线性回归泊松模型表明，女性董事的存在不会影响或减少环境创新，而文化背景中的性别不平等则起着负调节作用。这项研究对文献做出了贡献，因为它澄清了先前的矛盾结果并调查了文化背景的调节作用。