In recent years, the field of cancer treatment has witnessed remarkable breakthroughs that have revolutionized the landscape of care for cancer patients. While traditional pillars such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have long been available, a cutting-edge therapeutic approach called CAR T-cell therapy has emerged as a game-changer in treating multiple myeloma (MM). This novel treatment method complements options like autologous stem cell transplants and immunomodulatory medications, such as proteasome inhibitors, by utilizing protein complexes or anti-CD38 antibodies with potent complement-dependent cytotoxic effects. Despite the challenges and obstacles associated with these treatments, the recent approval of the second FDA multiple myeloma CAR T-cell therapy has sparked immense promise in the field. Thus far, the results indicate its potential as a highly effective therapeutic solution. Moreover, ongoing preclinical and clinical trials are exploring the capabilities of CAR T-cells in targeting specific antigens on myeloma cells, offering hope for patients with relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM). These advancements have shown the potential for CAR T cell-based medicines or combination therapies to elicit greater treatment responses and minimize side effects. In this context, it is crucial to delve into the history and functions of CAR T-cells while acknowledging their limitations. We can strategize and develop innovative approaches to overcome these barriers by understanding their challenges. This article aims to provide insights into the application of CAR T-cells in treating MM, shedding light on their potential, limitations, and strategies employed to enhance their efficacy.

近年来，癌症治疗领域取得了显着突破，彻底改变了癌症患者的护理格局。虽然手术、化疗和放疗等传统疗法早已存在，但一种称为 CAR T 细胞疗法的尖端治疗方法已经成为多发性骨髓瘤 (MM) 治疗领域的游戏规则改变者。这种新颖的治疗方法通过利用具有有效的补体依赖性细胞毒性作用的蛋白质复合物或抗 CD38 抗体，补充了自体干细胞移植和免疫调节药物（例如蛋白酶体抑制剂）等选择。尽管这些治疗方法存在挑战和障碍，但最近 FDA 批准的第二个多发性骨髓瘤 CAR T 细胞疗法在该领域激发了巨大的希望。到目前为止，结果表明其作为高效治疗解决方案的潜力。此外，正在进行的临床前和临床试验正在探索 CAR T 细胞靶向骨髓瘤细胞上特定抗原的能力，为复发/难治性 MM (RRMM) 患者带来希望。这些进展表明，基于 CAR T 细胞的药物或联合疗法有可能引发更大的治疗反应并最大限度地减少副作用。在这种背景下，深入研究 CAR T 细胞的历史和功能，同时承认其局限性至关重要。我们可以通过了解这些障碍所面临的挑战来制定战略并开发创新方法来克服这些障碍。本文旨在深入探讨 CA​​R T 细胞在治疗 MM 中的应用，阐明其潜力、局限性以及增强其疗效的策略。