Ethnic-racial identity (ERI) has been reported as mediator and moderator of the relation between discrimination and psychological well-being. However, it remains unclear how different forms of discrimination (i.e., overt and subtle) predict well-being over time, and whether ERI exploration and commitment mediate or moderate this association. This preregistered study explored the associations of overt and subtle discrimination with well-being (i.e., depression, substance use, life satisfaction) in a sample of 323 ethnic-racial minoritized college students ( M age W1 = 18.03, 62.7% female) from longitudinal data collected in the US. Cross-lagged panel models across three waves indicated no associations of overt discrimination, but participants experiencing more subtle discrimination during their transition to college reported more depressive symptoms after four months. Ethnic-racial identity did not function as mediator or moderator. Findings indicate the need for a more nuanced understanding of the role of ERI during emerging adulthood.

中文翻译：

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明显和微妙的歧视与心理健康：检验新兴成年人中民族身份的中介和调节作用

据报道，民族种族认同（ERI）是歧视与心理健康之间关系的中介和调节因素。然而，目前尚不清楚不同形式的歧视（即明显的和微妙的）如何随着时间的推移预测幸福感，以及 ERI 探索和承诺是否介导或缓和这种关联。这项预先注册的研究以 323 名少数族裔大学生为样本，探讨了明显和微妙的歧视与幸福感（即抑郁、药物滥用、生活满意度）之间的关系。年龄 W1= 18.03，62.7% 女性）来自在美国收集的纵向数据。三波交叉滞后面板模型表明没有明显歧视的关联，但在进入大学的过渡过程中经历更微妙歧视的参与者在四个月后报告了更多的抑郁症状。族裔-种族身份并不能起到调解者或缓和者的作用。研究结果表明，需要更细致地了解 ERI 在成年初期的作用。